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GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART (1809–1898)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 66 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GLADSTONE, See also:WILLIAM See also:EWART (1809–1898) , See also:British statesman, was See also:born on the 29th of See also:December 1809 at No. 62 See also:Rodney See also:Street, See also:Liverpool. His forefathers were Gledstanes of Gledstanes, in the upper See also:ward of See also:Lanarkshire; or in Scottish phrase, Gledstanes of that Ilk. As years went on their estates dwindled, and by the beginning of the 17th See also:century Gledstanes was sold. The adjacent See also:property of Arthurshiel remained in the hands of the See also:family for nearly a See also:hundred years longer. Then the son of the last Gledstanes of Arthurshiel removed to See also:Biggar, where he opened the business of a maltster. His See also:grandson, See also:Thomas Gladstone (for so the name was modified), became a See also:corn-See also:merchant at See also:Leith. He happened to send his eldest son, See also:John, to Liverpool to sell a See also:cargo of See also:grain there, and the See also:energy and aptitude of the See also:young See also:man attracted the favourable See also:notice of a leading corn-merchant of Liverpool, who recommended him to See also:settle in that See also:city. Beginning his commercial career as a clerk in his See also:patron's See also:house, John Gladstone lived to become one of the merchant-princes of Liverpool, a See also:baronet and a member of See also:parliament. He died in 1851 at the See also:age of eighty-seven. See also:Sir John Gladstone was a pure Scotsman, a Lowlander by See also:birth and descent. He married See also:Anne, daughter of See also:Andrew See also:Robertson of See also:Stornoway, sometime See also:provost of See also:Dingwall.

Provost Robertson belonged to the See also:

Clan Donachie, and by this See also:marriage the robust and business-like qualities of the Lowlander were blended with the poetic See also:imagination, the sensibility and See also:fire of the Gael. John and Anne Gladstone had six See also:children. The See also:fourth son, William Ewart, was named after a merchant of Liverpool who was his See also:father's friend. He seems to have been a remarkably See also:good See also:child, and much beloved at See also:home. childhoodeduca and- In 1818 or 1819 Mrs Gladstone, who belonged to the tion. Evangelical school, said in a See also:letter to a friend, that she believed her son William had been " truly converted to See also:God." After some tuition at the vicarage of See also:Seaforth, a watering-See also:place near Liverpool, the boy went to See also:Eton in 1821. His See also:tutor was the Rev. See also:Henry Hartopp Knapp. His See also:brothers, Thomas and Robertson Gladstone, were already at Eton, Thomas was in the fifth See also:form, and William, who was placed in the See also:middle remove of the fourth form, became his eldest See also:brother's See also:fag. He worked hard at his classical lessons, and supplemented the See also:ordinary business of the school by studying See also:mathematics in the holidays. Mr See also:Hawtrey, afterwards headmaster, commended a copy of his Latin verses, and " sent him up for good "; and this experience first led the young student to See also:associate intellectual See also:work with the ideas of ambition and success. He was not a See also:fine See also:scholar, in that restricted sense of the See also:term which implies a See also:special aptitude for turning See also:English into See also:Greek and Latin, or for See also:original versification in the classical See also:languages. " His See also:composition," we read, " was stiff," but he was imbued with the substance of his authors; and a contemporary who was in the See also:sixth form with him recorded that " when there were thrilling passages of See also:Virgil or See also:Homer, or difficult passages in the Scriptores Greed, to translate, he or See also:Lord See also:Arthur See also:Hervey was generally called up to edify the class with See also:quotation or See also:translation." By See also:common consent he was pre-eminently God-fearing, orderly and conscientious.

" At Eton," said See also:

Bishop See also:Hamilton of See also:Salisbury, " I was a thoroughly idle boy, but I was saved from some worse things by getting to know Gladstone." His most intimate friend was Arthur See also:Hallam, by universal See also:acknowledgment the most remarkable Etonian of his See also:day; but he was not 66 See also:GLADSHEIM arrangement which may be advantageously followed with bulbous See also:plants generally. In hot summer See also:weather they should have a good mulching of well-decayed manure, and, as soon as the See also:flower spikes are produced, liquid manure may occasionally be given them with See also:advantage. The See also:gladiolus is easily raised from seeds, which should be sown in See also:March or See also:April in pots of See also:rich See also:soil placed in slight See also:heat, the pots being kept near the See also:glass after they begin to grow, and the plants being gradually hardened to permit their being placed out-of-doors in a sheltered spot for the summer. See also:Modern growers often grow the seeds in the open in April on a nicely prepared See also:bed in drills about 6 in. apart and z in. deep, covering them with finely sifted gritty See also:mould. The See also:seed bed is then pressed down evenly and firmly, watered occasionally and kept See also:free from weeds during the summer. In See also:October they will have ripened off, and must be taken out of the soil, and stored in See also:paper bags in a dry See also:room secure from See also:frost. They will have made little bulbs from the See also:size of a See also:hazel See also:nut downwards, according to their vigour. In the See also:spring they should be planted like the old bulbs, and the larger ones will flower during the See also:season, while the smaller ones must be again harvested and planted out as before. The See also:time occupied from the See also:sowing of the seed until the plant attains its full strength is from three to four years. The approved sorts, which are identified by name, are multiplied by means of bulblets or offsets or " spawn," which form around the See also:principal bulb or corm; but in this they vary greatly, some kinds furnishing abundant increase and soon becoming plentiful, while others persistently refuse to yield offsets. The stately See also:habit and rich glowing See also:colours of the modern gladioli render them exceedingly valuable as decorative plants during the See also:late summer months. They are, moreover, very desirable and useful See also:flowers for cutting for the purpose of room decoration, for while the blossoms themselves last fresh for some days if cut either See also:early in the See also:morning or late in the evening, the undeveloped buds open in See also:succession, if the stalks are kept in See also:water, so that a cut spike will go on blooming for some time.

End of Article: GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART (1809–1898)

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