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LEITH , a municipal and See also:police See also:burgh, and seaport, See also:county of Midlothian, See also:Scotland. Pop. (1901) 77,439. It is situated on the See also:south See also:shore of the See also:Firth of Forth, 12 m. N.N.E. of See also:Edinburgh, of which it is the See also:port and with which it is connected by Leith Walk, practically a continuous See also:street. It has stations on the See also:North See also:British and Caledonian See also:railways, and a See also:branch See also:line (N.B.R.) to Portobello. Lying at the mouth of the See also:Water of Leith, which is crossed by several See also:bridges and divides it into the parishes of North and South Leith, it stretches for 34 M. along the shore of the Firth from See also:Seafield in the See also:east to near Granton in the See also:west. There is See also:tramway communication with Edinburgh and See also:Newhaven.
The See also:town is a thriving centre of See also:trade and See also:commerce. St See also:Mary's in Kirkgate, the See also:parish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of South Leith, was founded in 1483, and was originally cruciform but, as restored in '852, consists of an aisled See also:nave and north-western See also:tower. Here See also:David See also:Lindsay (1531–1613), its See also:minister, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James VL's See also:chaplain and afterwards See also:bishop of See also:Ross, preached before the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king the thanksgiving See also:sermon on the See also:Gowrie See also:conspiracy (1600). See also:John See also:Logan, the hymn-writer and reputed author of " The See also:Ode to the See also:Cuckoo," was minister for thirteen years; and in its graveyard lies the Rev. John See also:Home, author of See also:Douglas, a native of Leith. Near it in Constitution Street is St James's Episcopal church (1862–1869), in the See also:Early See also:English See also:style by See also:Sir See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert See also:Scott, with an apsidal See also:chancel and a See also:spire '6o ft. high. The parish church of North Leith, in See also:Madeira Street, with a spire '58 ft. high, is one of the best livings in the Established Church of Scotland. St See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas's, at the See also:head of Shirra Brae, in the See also:Gothic style, was built in 1843 by Sir John See also:Gladstone of Fasque, who—See also:prior to his removal to See also:Liverpool, where his son, W. E. Gladstone, was See also:born—had been a See also:merchant in Leith. The public buildings are wholly See also:modern, the See also:principal being of classic See also:design. They include the See also:custom See also:house (18'2) in the Grecian style; Trinity House (1817), also Grecian, containing Sir See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Raeburn's portrait of See also:Admiral See also:Lord See also:Duncan, David Scott's " Vasco da Gama Rounding the Cape " and other paintings; the markets (1818); the town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall (1828), with an Ionic See also:facade on Constitution Street and a Doric See also:porch on See also:Charlotte Street; the See also:corn See also:exchange (1862) in the See also:Roman style; the See also:assembly rooms; exchange buildings; the public See also:institute (1867) and See also:Victoria public See also:baths (1899). Trinity House was founded in 1555 as a home for old and disabled sailors, but on the decline of its revenues it became the licensing authority for pilots, its humane See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office being partly fulfilled by the sailors' home, established about 1840 in a See also:building adjoining the See also:Signal Tower, and re-housed in a handsome structure in the Scottish Baronial style in 1883–IS8a.. Other charitable institutions include the See also:hospital, John See also:Watt's hospital and the smallpox hospital. The high school, built in 18o6, for many years a See also:familiar See also:object on the west margin of the Links, gave way to the See also:academy, a See also:hand-some and commodious structure, to which are drafted See also:senior pupils from the numerous See also:board See also:schools for See also:free See also:education in the higher branches. Here also is accommodated the technical See also:college. Secondary instruction is given also in Craighall Road school. A See also:bronze statue of See also:Robert See also:Burns was unveiled in 1898. Leith Links, one of the homes of See also:golf in Scotland, is a popular resort, on Lochend Road are situated Hawkhill recreation grounds, and Lochend See also:Loch is used for See also:skating and See also:curling. There are small links at Newhaven, and in Trinity are Starbank See also:Park and Cargilfield playing ground. The east See also:pier (1177 yds. See also:long) and the west pier (1041 yds.) are favourite promenades. The waterway between them is the entrance to the See also:harbour. Leith See also:cemetery is situated at Seafield and the Eastern cemetery in See also:Easter Road.
The See also:oldest See also:industry is See also:shipbuilding, which See also:dates from 1313. Here in 1511 James IV. built the "St See also:Michael," "mile verrie monstrous See also:great See also:ship, whilk tuik sae meikle See also:timber that schee waisted all the woodis in Fyfe, except See also:Falkland See also:wood, besidesthe timber that See also:cam out of Norroway." Other important See also:industries are See also:engineering, See also:sugar-refining (established 1757), See also:meat-preserving, See also:flour-milling, See also:sailcloth-making, See also:soap-boiling, rope and twine-making, tanning, chemical See also:manures-making, wood-sawing, See also:hosiery, See also:biscuit-See also:baking, See also:brewing, distilling and See also:lime-juice making. Of the old trade of See also:glass-making, which began in '682, scarcely a trace survives. As a distributing centre, Leith occupies a prominent See also:place. It is the headquarters of the See also:whisky business in Great See also:Britain, and stores also large quantities of See also:wine from See also:Spain, See also:Portugal and See also:France.
This pre-See also:eminence is due to its excellent See also:dock and harbour See also:accommodation and capacious warehouses. The two old docks (1801–1807) See also:cover '02 acres; Victoria Dock (1852) 5 acres; See also:Albert Dock (1863–'869) zoo acres; Edinburgh Dock (1874–'881) '63 acres; and the New Dock (1892–1901) 6o acres. There are several dry docks, of which the See also:Prince of See also:Wales Graving Dock (1858), the largest, See also:measures 370 ft. by 6o ft. Space can always be had for more dock See also:room by reclaiming the east sands, where in the 17th and '8th centuries Leith Races were held, the theme of a humorous descriptive poem by Robert See also:Fergusson. Apart from See also:coasting trade there are See also:constant sailings to the leading See also:European ports, the See also:United States and the British colonies. In 1908 the See also:tonnage of See also:ships entering the harbour was (including coastwise trade) 1,975,457; that of ships clearing the harbour 1,993,227. The number of vessels registered at the port was 213 (See also:net tonnage 146,799). The value of imports was £12,883,890, of exports £5,377,288. In summer there are frequent excursions to the See also:Bass See also:Rock and the Isle of May, North See also:Berwick, See also:Elie, See also:Aberdour, See also:Alloa and See also:Stirling. Leith Fort, built in North Leith in 1779 for the See also:defence of the harbour, is now the headquarters of the Royal See also:Artillery in Scotland. Leith is the head of a See also:fishery See also:district. The town, which is governed by a See also:provost, bailies and See also:council, unites with See also:Musselburgh and Portobello to send one member to See also:parliament.
Leith figures as Inverleith in the See also:foundation See also:charter of Holyrood See also:Abbey (1128). In 1329 Robert I. granted the harbour to the magistrates of Edinburgh, who did not always use their See also:power wisely. They forbade, for example, the building of streets wide enough to admit a See also:cart, a regulation that accounted for the number of narrow wynds and alleys in the town. Had the overlords been more considerate See also:incorporation with Edinburgh would not have been so bitterly resisted. Several of the See also:quaint bits of See also:ancient Leith yet remain, and the See also:appearance of the shore as it was in the '7th and '8th centuries, and even at a later date, was picturesque in the extreme. During the centuries of strife between Scotland and See also:England its situation exposed the port to attack both by See also:sea and See also:land. At least twice (in 1313 and 1410) its See also:shipping was burned by the English, who also sacked the town in 1544—when the 1st See also:earl of See also:Hertford destroyed the first wooden pier—and 1547. In the troublous times that followed the See also:death of James V., Leith became the stronghold of the Roman See also:Catholic and See also:French party from 1548 to 1560, Mary of See also:Guise, See also:queen See also:regent, not deeming herself secure in Edinburgh. In 1549 the town was walled and fortified by See also:Montalembert, sicur d'Esse, the See also:commander of the French troops, and endured an ineffectual See also:siege in '56o by the Scots and their English See also:allies. A house in Coalbill is thought to be the " handsome and spacious edifice " erected for her privy council by Mary of Guise. D'Esse's See also:wall, pierced by six See also:gates, was partly dismantled on the death of the queen regent, but although rebuilt in 1871, not a trace of it exists. The old tolbooth, in which See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Maitland of Lethington, Queen Mary's secretary, poisoned himself in 1573, to avoid See also:execution for adhering to Mary's cause, was demolished in 1819. See also:Charles I. is said to have received the first tidings of the Irish See also:rebellion while playing golf on the links in 1641. See also:Cromwell in his Scottish See also:campaign built the Citadel in 165o and the mounds on the links, known as See also:Giant's Brae " and " See also:Lady See also:Fife's Brae," were thrown up by the See also:Protector as batteries. In 1698 the sailing of the first See also:Darien expedition created great excitement. In 1715 William See also:Mackintosh of Borlum (1662–1i43) and his force of Jacobite Highlanders captured the Citadel, of which only the name of Citadel Street and the archway in Couper Street have preserved the memory.
A mile S.E. of the links lies the ancient See also:village of RESTALRIG, the home of the Logans, from whom the superiority of Leith was See also:purchased in 1553 by the queen regent. Sir Robert Logan (d. 1606) was alleged to have been one of the Cowrie conspirators and to have arranged to imprison the king in Fast See also:Castle. This See also:charge, how-ever, was not made until three years after his death, when his bones were exhumed for trial. He was then found guilty of high See also:treason and See also:sentence of See also:forfeiture pronounced ; but there is See also:reason to suspect that the whole See also:case was trumped up. The old church escaped demolition at the See also:Reformation and even the See also:fine east
window was saved. In the vaults repose Sir Robert and other Logans, besides several of the lords See also:Balmerino, and Lord See also:Brougham's See also:father lies in the kirkyard. The well of St Triduana, which was reputed to possess wonderful curative See also:powers, vanished when the North British railway was constructed.
End of Article: LEITH
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