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SPIRE (O. Eng. spir, a blade of grass, and so anything tapering
f/G 2.
See also:Salisbury an octagonal See also:pinnacle at the See also:angle and a triangular spire See also:light against the spire. The happiest See also:combination of all, however, is perhaps the spire of St See also:Mary's, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, with three ranges of angle See also:niche-See also:groups set one behind the other, forming with the centre spire a magnificent cluster of See also:spires; the niche gables and pinnacles are all enriched with crockets and the See also:ball See also:flower in the See also:arch See also:mouldings.
Reference has already been made to two of the See also:French spires, at See also:Chartres and St See also:Denis; there is nothing like the diversity of See also:design in See also:France, however, when compared with those in See also:England, and there are but few on the See also:crossing of See also:nave and See also:transept; the towers were built to receive them, as at See also:Amiens, See also:Reims and See also:Beauvais, but for some See also:reason not carried above the roof, possibly from some doubt as to the expediency of raising See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone lanterns and spires of See also:great See also:weight on the four piers of the crossing; on the other See also:hand their places were taken by constructions in See also:timber covered with See also:lead, of immense height and See also:fine design. There was a 13th-See also:century See also:fleche on the crossing of Notre-See also:Dame, See also:Paris, taken down soon after the beginning of the 19th century, of which the existing example by See also:Viollet-le-Duc is a copy. The same See also:fate befell that over the Sainte Chapelle, Paris, being reconstructed about 185o by Lassus. The fleche at Amiens, though of See also:late date (c. 1500), is still in See also:good preservation and is a remarkable See also:work; above the ridges of the See also:roofs of nave and transept, and octagonal in See also:plan, are two stages, the upper one set back to allow of a passage See also:round, and, above the cresting of the latter, a lofty octagonal spire with spire See also:lights at the See also:base on each See also:side, crockets up the angles, and other decorations in the lead work with which it is covered. Including the See also:vane, from the See also:ridge of roof the height is 182 ft. Of timber fleches covered with slates there are many examples in the See also:north of France, those at Orbais (See also:Marne) and the See also:abbey at Eu (See also:Seine Inferieure) being the best known. Returning to stone spires, those on the See also:west front of St See also:Stephen's, See also:Caen (Abbaye-aux-Hommes), are good examples with lofty octagonal turrets and pinnacles at west angle and spire light between, and among others are those of St See also:Pierre at Caen, Senlis, See also:Coutances, See also:Bayeux, and many others in See also:Calvados, and at See also:Soissons, See also:Noyon and See also:Laon in See also:Picardy. One of the most beautiful spires in France, though of late date, is that of the north-west See also:tower to Chartres See also:Cathedral. In the See also:south of France, in the See also:Charente and See also:Perigord, the stone spire takes quite another See also:form, being of much less height, of See also:convex form, and studded with small scales, giving somewhat the See also:appearance of a See also:pine See also:cone, with small pinnacles also with scales, and carried on a See also:group of shafts at the angles of the tower. The west tower of See also:Angouleme Cathedral, the central towers of See also:Saintes Le Palud, and Plassac in the Charente, and the tower of St Front, Perigueux, and See also:Brantome in Perigord, have all spires of this See also:kind, of which a small example crowns the Lanterne See also:des Morts at Cellefrouin. The See also:German towers are generally covered with roofs only, of varied form, but at See also:Ulm, See also:Strassburg, See also:Freiburg and See also:Cologne is a remarkable See also:series of traceried spires in stone, of great elaboration and showing great masonic ability, but wanting in repose and solidarity, and the same applies to the spire at See also:Antwerp. In See also:Spain there are not many examples of See also:note, the spire at See also:Burgos suggesting in its outline and want of height the See also:influence of the Perigordian spires, and that at See also:Salamanca the influence of those in the north of France.
Looking upon the spire as the crowning feature of a tower, those of the See also:Renaissance See also:period must be included here, though as a See also:compromise they are often termed " steeples." Of these the finest and most varied are those by See also:Wren in See also:London, among which that of See also:Bow See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church and St See also:- BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)
Bride's, See also:Fleet See also:Street, are the best known, the former with two stages of lanterns with detached columns round, and the latter octagonal on plan with five stages, set one behind the other, with See also:arches in centre of each See also:face and pilasters at the angles. St Antholin, now destroyed, was the only example based on a See also:Gothic prototype; it consisted of an octagonal spire with Renaissance spire lights and angle finials resting on the upper octagonal storeys of the tower. St See also:Margaret Pattens somewhat resembles it, but thetower has a See also:balustrade round and the angle pinnacles are in the form of obelisks, a favourite Renaissance See also:- INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)
interpretation of the Gothic See also:finial, which is found in other churches, as in those of St Martins-in-the-See also:Fields by See also:Gibbs and St See also:Giles-in-the-Fields by Flitcroft. See also:Hawksmoor apparently based his spire of St See also:George's, Bloomsbury, which consists of a series of lofty steps, and is crowned with a statue of George I., on that of the See also:mausoleum at See also:Halicarnassus. In France, See also:Italy and Spain, lanterns usually terminate the towers. The spire of the Seo at See also:Saragossa in design somewhat resembles those of Wren, being one of the few examples See also:worth noting. (R. P.
End of Article: SPIRE
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