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SOISSONS , a See also:city of See also:northern See also:France, in the See also:department of See also:Aisne, 65 m. N.E. of See also:Paris by the railway to See also:Laon. Pop. (1906), 11,586. Soissons, pleasantly situated amongst ' wooded hills, stands on the See also:left See also:bank of the Aisne, the suburbs of St Vaast and St Medard lying on the right bank. The See also:cathedral of Notre-See also:Dame was begun in the second See also:half of the 12th See also:century and finished about the end of the 13th. It is 328 ft. See also:long and 87 wide, and the vaulting of the See also:nave is too ft. above the See also:pavement. The single See also:tower See also:dates from the See also:middle of the 13th century and is an See also:imitation of those of Notre-Dame of Paris, which it equals in height (216 ft.). The See also:south See also:transept, the See also:oldest and most graceful portion of the whole edifice, terminates in an See also:apse. The See also:facade of the See also:north transept dates from the end of the 13th century. The apse and See also:choir retain some See also:fine 13th-century See also:glass. Considerable remains exist of the magnificent See also:abbey of St See also:Jean-See also:des-Vignes, where See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Becket resided for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. These include the ruins of two cloisters (the larger dating from the 13th century), the See also:refectory, and above all the imposing facade of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church (restored). Above the three portals (13th century) runs a See also:gallery, over which again is a large window; the two unequal towers (230 and 246 ft.) of the 15th and See also:early 16th centuries are surmounted by beautiful See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:spires, which command the See also:town. The church of St Leger, which belongs to the 13th century, was formerly attached to an abbey of the Genovefains. Beneath are two Romanesque crypts. The royal abbey of Notre-Dame, now a barrack, was founded in 66o for monks and nuns by Leutrade, wife of Ebrofn, the celebrated See also:mayor of the See also:palace. The number of the nuns (216 in 858), the See also:wealth of the library in See also:manuscripts, the valuable See also:relics, the high See also:birth of the abbesses, the popularity of the pilgrimages, all contributed to the importance of this abbey, of which there exist only inconsiderable remains. The wealthiest of all the abbeys in Soissons, and one of the most important of all France during the first two dynasties, was that of St Medard; on the right bank of the Aisne, founded about 56o by See also:Clotaire I., beside the See also:villa of See also:Syagrius, which had become the palace of the Frankish See also:kings. St Medard, apostle of See also:Vermandois, and kings Clotaire and See also:Sigebert, were buried in the monastery, which be-came the See also:residence of 400 monks and the See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting-See also:place of several See also:councils. It was there that Childeric III., the last Merovingian, was deposed and See also:Pippin the Short was crowned by the papal See also:legate, and there See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis the Pious was kept in captivity in 833. The abbots of St Medard coined See also:money, and in See also:Abelard's time (12th century) were lords of 220 villages, farms and manors. At the See also:battle of See also:Bouvines (1214) the See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot commanded 150 vassals. In 1530 St Medard was visited by a procession of 300,000 pilgrims. But the religious See also:wars ruined the abbey, and, although it was restored by the See also:Benedictines in 1637, it never recovered its former splendour. Of the churches and the conventual buildings of the See also:ancient See also:foundation there hardly remains a trace. The site is occupied by. a See also:deaf and dumb institution, the See also:chapel of which stands over the See also:crypt of the See also:great abbey church, which dates from about 84o. In the crypt is a stone See also:coffin, said to have been that of See also:Childebert II., and See also:close at See also:hand is an underground chamber, reputed to have been the place of captivity of Louis the Pious.
The See also:civil buildings of the town are not of much See also:interest. The hotel-de-ville contains a library and a museum with collections of paintings and antiquities. The foundation of the h8teldieu dates back to the 13th century. The town has a large botanical See also:garden. Soissons is the seat of a See also:bishop and a sub-See also:prefect, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:commerce,a communal See also:college and higher ecclesiastical See also:seminary. Among the See also:industrial establishments are See also:iron and See also:copper foundries, and factories for the See also:production of boilers, agricultural implements and other iron goods, See also:straw hats, glass and See also:sugar. See also:Grain; haricot beans of exceptional quality, and See also:timber, are the See also:principal articles of See also:trade.
Soissons is generally identified with the oppidum of Gallia Belgica, called Noviodunum by See also:Caesar.
Noviodunum was the See also:capital of the Suessiones, who occupied twelve towns, and whose See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, Divitiacus, one of the most powerful in See also:Gaul, had extended his authority even beyond the See also:sea among the Britons. In 58 B.C. See also:Galba, king of the Suessiones, separated from the See also:confederation of the Belgians and submitted to the See also:Romans. At the beginning of the See also:empire Noviodunum took the name of See also:Augusta Suessionum, and afterwards that of Suessiona, and became the second capital of Gallia Belgica, of which See also:Reims was the See also:metropolis. The' town was before long surrounded with a See also:regular See also:wall and de-fended by a citadel, and it became the starting-point of several military roads (to Reims, See also:Chateau-See also:Thierry, See also:Meaux, Paris, See also:Amiens and St Quentin). See also:Christianity was introduced by St See also:Crispin and St Crispinian, men of See also:noble birth, who, however, earned their livelihood by shoemaking, and thus became patrons of that See also:craft. After their martyrdom in 297 their See also:work was continued by St Sinitius, the first bishop of Soissons. After the barbarians had crossed the See also:Rhine and the See also:Meuse Soissons became the metropolis of the See also:Roman possessions in the north of Gaul, and on the defeat of Syagrius by See also:Clovis the See also:Franks seized the town. It was at Soissons that Clovis married Clotilde, and, though he afterwards settled at Paris, Soissons was the capital of his son Clotaire, and afterwards of See also:Chilperic I., king of See also:Neustria. It was not till the time of Chilperic's son, Clotaire II., that the See also:kingdom of Soissons was incorporated with that of Paris. Pippin the Short was at Soissons proclaimed king by an See also:assembly of leudes and bishops, and he was there crowned by the papal legate, St See also:Boniface, before being crowned at See also:Saint See also:Denis by the See also:pope himself. Louis the Pious did See also:penance there after being deposed by the assembly at See also:Compiegne. Under See also:Charles the See also:Fat (886) the See also:Normans failed in an See also:attempt against the town, but laid See also:waste St Medard and the neighbourhood. In 923 Charles the See also:Simple was defeated outside the walls by the supporters of See also:Rudolph of See also:Burgundy, and See also:Hugh the Great besieged and partly burned the town in 948. Under the first Capets Soissons was held by hereditary See also:counts (see below), frequently at See also:war with the king or the citizens. The communal See also:charter of the town dates from 1131. At a See also:synod held at Soissons in 1121 the teachings of Abelard were condemned, and he was forced to retract them. In 1155, at an assembly of prelates and barons held at Soissons, Louis VII. issued a famous See also:decree forbidding all private wars for a space of ten years; and in 1325 Charles the See also:Fair replaced the mayor of Soissons by a royal See also:provost dependent on the bailiwick of Vermandois, the inhabitants retaining only the right of electing four echevins. The town had to suffer severely during the war of the See also:Hundred Years; in 1414, when it was held by the Burgundians, it was captured and sacked by the Armagnacs under the dauphin; and this same See also:fate again befell it several times within twenty years. The Treaty of See also:Arras (1435) brought it again under the royal authority. It was sacked by Charles V. in 1544 and in 1565 by the See also:Huguenots, who laid the churches in ruins, and, supported by the See also:prince of See also:Conde, See also:count of Soissons, kept See also:possession of the town for six months. During the See also:League Soissons eagerly joined the See also:Catholic party. Charles, See also:duke of See also:Mayenne, made the town his principal residence, and died there in 1611. A See also:European See also:congress was held there in 1728. In 1814 Soissons was captured and recaptured by the See also:allies and the See also:French. In 1815, after See also:Waterloo, it was a rallying point for the vanquished, and it was not occupied by the Russians till the r4th of See also:August. In 187o it capitulated to the Germans after a See also:bombardment of three days.
End of Article: SOISSONS
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