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LAON , a See also: town of See also:northern See also:France, See also:capital of the See also:department of See also:Aisne, 87 m. N.E. of See also:Paris on the Northern railway. Pop. (1906), town, 9787, See also:commune (including troops) 15,288. It is
situated on an isolated See also:ridge, forming two sides of a triangle, which rises some 33o ft. above the surrounding See also:plain and the little See also:river of Ardon. The suburbs of St See also:Marcel and See also:Vaux extend along the See also:foot of the ridge to the See also:north. From the railway station, situated in the plain to the north, a straight See also:staircase of several See also:hundred steps leads to the See also:gate of the town, and all the roads connecting Laon with the surrounding See also:district are cut in zigzags on the steep slopes, which are crowned by promenades on the site of the old ramparts. The 13th-See also:century See also:gates of Ardon, Chenizelles and See also:Soissons, the latter in a See also:state of ruin, have been preserved. At the eastern extremity of the ridge rises the citadel; at its See also:apex is the See also:parade-ground of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin, and at the See also:southern end stands the See also:ancient See also:abbey of St See also:Vincent. The deep depression between the arms of the ridge, known as the Cuve St Vincent, has its slopes covered with trees, See also:vegetable gardens and vineyards. From the See also:promenade along the See also:line of the ramparts there is an extensive view northward beyond St Quentin, westward to the See also:forest of St Gobain, and southward over the wooded hills of the Laonnais and Soissonnais.
The See also:cathedral of Laon (see See also:ARCHITECTURE, Romanesque and See also:Gothic Architecture in France) is one of the most important creations of the See also:art of the 12th and 13th centuries. It took the See also: place of the old cathedral, burned at the beginning of the communal struggles mentioned below. The See also:building is cruciform, and the See also:choir terminates in a straight See also:wall instead of in an See also:apse. Of the six towers flanking the facades, only four are See also:complete to the height of the See also:base of the See also:spires, two at the See also:west front with See also:hugh figures of oxen beneath the arcades of their upper portion, and one at each end of the See also:transept. A square central See also:tower forms a See also:lantern within the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church. The west front, with three porches, the centre one surmounted by a See also:fine See also:rose window, ranks next to that of Notre-See also:Dame at Paris in purity. The cathedral has stained See also:glass of the 13th century and a choir See also:grille of the 18th century. The See also:chapter-See also:house and the See also:cloister contain beautiful specimens of the architecture of the beginning of the 13th century. The old episcopal See also:palace, contiguous to the cathedral, is now used as a See also:court-house. The front, flanked by turrets, is pierced by See also:great pointed windows. There is also a Gothic cloister and an old See also:chapel of two storeys, of a date anterior to the cathedral. The church of St Martin See also:dates from the See also:middle of the 12th century. The old abbey buildings of the same See also:foundation are now used as the See also:hospital. The museum of Laon had collections of See also: sculpture and See also:painting. In its See also:garden there is a chapel of the See also:Templars belonging to the 12th century. The church of the suburb of Vaux near the railway station dates from the 11th and 12th centuries. Numerous cellars of two or three storeys have taken the place of the old quarries in the See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill-See also:side. Laon forms with La Fere and See also:Reims a triangle of important fortresses. Its fortifications consist of an inner line of See also:works on the See also:eminence of Laon itself, and two See also:groups of detached forts, one some 2a m. S.E. about the See also:village of Bruyeres, the other about 3 m. W.S.W., near Laniscourt. To the S.S.W. forts Malmaison and See also:Conde connect Laon with the Aisne and with Reims.
Laon is the seat of a See also:prefect and a court of assizes, and possesses a tribunal of first instance, a lycee for boys, a See also:college for girls, a school of See also:agriculture and training colleges. See also:Sugar-making and See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal-See also:founding are carried on, but neither See also:industry nor See also:trade, which is in See also:grain and See also:wine, are of much importance.
The hilly district of Laon (Laudunum) has always had some strategic importance. In the See also: - TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Caesar there was a Gallic village where the Remi (inhabitants of the See also:country See also:round Reims) had to meet the onset of the confederated See also:Belgae. Whatever may have been the precise locality of that battlefield, Laon was fortified by the See also:Romans, and successively checked the invasions of the See also:Franks, Burgundians, See also:Vandals, See also:Alani and See also:Huns. St See also:Remigius, the See also:arch-See also:bishop of Reims who baptized See also:Clovis, was See also:born in the Laonnais, and it was he who, at the end of the 5th century, instituted the bishopric of the town. Thenceforward Laon was one of the See also:principal towns of the See also:kingdom of the Franks, and the See also:possession of it was often disputed. See also:Charles the Bald had enriched its church with the See also:gift of very numerous domains. After the fall of the See also:Carolingians Laon took the See also:part of Charles of See also:Lorraine, their See also:heir, and Hugh See also:Capet only succeeded in making himself See also:master of the town by the connivance of the bishop,who, in return for this service, was made second ecclesiastical peer of the kingdom. See also:Early in the 12th century the communes of France set about emancipating themselves, and the See also:history of the commune of Laon is one of the richest and most varied. The citizens had profited by a temporary See also:absence of Bishop See also:Gaudry to secure from his representatives a communal See also:charter, but he, on his return, See also:purchased from the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of France the revocation of this document, and re-commenced his oppressions. The consequence was a revolt, in which the episcopal palace was burnt and the bishop and several of his partisans were put to See also:death. The See also:fire spread to the cathedral, and reduced it to ashes. Uneasy at the result of their victory, the rioters went into hiding outside the town, which was anew pillaged by the See also:people of the neighbourhood, eager to avenge the death of their bishop. The king alternately interfered in favour of the bishop and of the inhabitants till 1239. After that date the liberties of Laon were no more contested till 1331, when the commune was abolished. During the Hundred Years' See also: War it was attacked and taken by the Burgundians, who gave it up to the See also:English, to be retaken by the See also:French after the See also:consecration of Charles VII. Under the See also:League Laon took the part of the Leaguers, and was taken by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. During the See also:campaign of 1814 See also:Napoleon tried in vain to dislodge See also:Blucher from it. In 187o an engineer blew up the See also:powder See also:magazine of the citadel at the moment when the See also:German troops were entering the town. Many lives were lost; and the cathedral and the old episcopal palace were damaged. At the Revolution Laon permanently lost its See also:rank as a bishopric.
End of Article: LAON
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