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DAME
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DAME , an See also:ancient See also:city of See also:Campania, See also:Italy, ro m. W. of Neapolis, on the Sinus Baianus, a See also:bay on the W. See also:coast of the Gulf of See also:Puteoli. It is said to derive its name from Baios, the helmsman of Ulysses, whose See also:grave was shown there; it was originally, perhaps, the See also:harbour of See also:Cumae. It was principally famous, however, for its warm See also:sulphur springs, remarkable for their variety and curative properties (See also:Pliny, Hist. Nat. xxxi. 4), its mild See also:climate, and its luxuriant vegetation (though in summer there was some See also:malaria in the See also:low ground). It was already frequented, especially by the See also:rich, at the end of the republican See also:period; and in See also:Strabo's See also:day it was as large as Puteoli. See also:Julius See also:Caesar possessed a See also:villa here, the remains of which are probably to be recognized in some large substructures on the See also:ridge above the 16th-See also:century See also:castle. Baiae was a favourite See also:residence of the emperors. See also:Nero built a huge villa probably on the site now, occupied by the castle. See also:Hadrian died in Caesar's villa in A.D. 138, and See also: Baiae never became, however, an See also:independent See also:town, but formed See also:part of the territory of Cumae. Three See also:glass vases with views of the coast and its buildings were published by H. See also:Jordan in Archaologische Zeitung (1868, 91). The luxury and immorality of the See also:life of Baiae under both the See also:republic and the See also:empire are frequently spoken of by ancient writers. Near Baiae was the villa resort of Bauli, so called from the 113oabXu1 (stalls) in which the oxen of See also:Geryon were. concealed by See also:Hercules. By some it is identified with the See also:modern See also:village of Bacoli (owing to a presumed similarity to the ancient name), 2 M. S.S.E. of Baiae; by others with the Punta dell' Epitaffio, 1 m. N.E. of Baiae (see G. B. de See also:Rossi in Notizie degli scavi, 1888, 709). At Bauli, See also:Pompey and See also:Hortensius possessed villas, the former on the hills, while that of the latter, on the shores of the Lacus Lucrinus, was remarkable for its tame lampreys and as the, See also:scene of the See also:dialogue in the second See also:book of See also:Cicero's Academica Priora; it afterwards became imperial See also:property and was the scene of See also:Agrippina's See also:murder by Nero. It was from Bauli to Puteoli that Caligula built his See also:bridge of boats. Of the once splendid villas and See also:baths of Baiae and its See also:district, the See also:foundations of which were often thrown far out into the See also:sea, considerable, though fragmentary, remains exist. It is not, as a See also:rule, possible to identify the various buildings, and the names which have been applied to the ruins are not authenticated. At Baiae itself there exist three large and lofty domed buildings, two octagonal, one circular, and all circular in the interior, of See also:opus reticulatum and See also:brick, which, though popularly called temples, are remains of baths or nymphaea. The Punta dell' Epitaffio also is covered with remains, while at Bacoli are several ruins—to the See also:north of the village a small See also:theatre, called the See also:tomb of Agrippina; under the village the remains of a large villa; to the E. the remains of a large See also:water See also:reservoir, the so-called See also:Cento Camerelle; to the S. another with a vaulted See also:ceiling, known as the See also:piscina mirabilis, measuring 230 by 85 ft. The villa of See also:Marius, which was bought by See also:Lucullus, and after-wards came into the See also:possession of the imperial See also:house, was the scene of the See also:death of Tiberius. It is sometimes spoken of as' Baiana, sometimes as Misenensis, and is perhaps to be sought at Bacoli (Th. See also:Mommsen in Corp. Inscrip. Latin., x., See also:Berlin, 1883, 1748), though Beloch inclines to See also:place it on the promontory S. of See also:Misenum, and this perhaps agrees better with the description given by See also:Phaedrus. Baiae was devastated by the See also:Saracens in the 8th century and entirely. deserted on See also:account of malaria in 1500. See J. Beloch, Campanien (end ed., See also:Breslau, 1890), 18o seq. (T. As.)
'BAYBURT, a town of See also:Asiatic See also:Turkey, on the See also:direct See also:carriage road from See also:Trebizond to See also:Erzerum, situated on both See also:banks of the
Churuk See also:river, which here traverses an open cultivated See also:plateau (See also:altitude, 5100 ft.), before turning See also:east. It is the See also:chief place of a kaza under Erzerum; the See also:bazaar is poor, and there is no See also:special See also:industry in the town, The houses run up the hillsides on both banks of the river to a considerable height. On an isolated See also:mass of See also:rock, on the See also:left See also:bank, is the old castle, with extensive walls partly ruined, built originally by the Armenians and restored by the See also:Seljuks. The See also:principal See also:gate with some Arabic See also:inscriptions stands at the S.W. corner. There are remains of a vaulted chamber, a See also:Christian See also: Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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