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See also:REIMS (RHEIMS) , a See also:city of See also:north-eastern See also:France, See also:chief See also:town of an See also:arrondissement of the See also:department of See also:Marne, 98 in. E.N.E. of See also:Paris, on the Eastern railway. Pop. (1906) 102,800. Reims is situated in a See also:plain on the right See also:bank of the Vesle, a tributary of the See also:Aisne, and on the See also:canal which connects the Aisne with the Marne. See also:South and See also:west rise the " montagne de Reims " and See also:vine-clad hills. Reims is limited S.W. by the Vesle and the canal, N.W. by promenades which See also:separate it from the railway and in other directions by boulevards lined with See also:fine residences. Beyond extend large suburbs, the chief of which are See also:Ceres to the N.E., Coutures to the E., See also:Laon to the N. and Vesle to the W. Of its squares the See also:principal are the See also:Place
Royale, with a statue of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XV., and the place du See also:Parvis, with an equestrian statue of See also:Joan of Arc. The See also:rue de Vesle, the chief See also:street, continued under other names, traverses the town from S.W. to N.W., passing through the Place Royale.
The See also:oldest See also:monument in Reims is the See also:Mars See also:Gate (so called from a See also:temple to Mars in the neighbourhood), a triumphal See also:arch Io8 ft. in length by 43 in height, consisting of three archways flanked by columns. It is popularly supposed to have been erected by the Remi in See also:honour of See also:Augustus when See also:Agrippa made the See also:great roads terminating at the town, but probably belongs to the 3rd or 4th See also:century. In its vicinity a curious See also:mosaic, measuring 36 ft. by 26, with See also:thirty-five medallions representing animals and See also:gladiators, was discovered in 186o. To these remains must be added a Gallo-See also:Roman See also:sarcophagus, said to be that of the See also:consul Jovinus (see below) and preserved in the archaeological museum in the See also:cloister of the See also:abbey of St Remi. The See also:cathedral of Notre-See also:Dame, where the See also:kings of France used to be crowned, replaced an older See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church (burned in 1211) built on the site of the See also:basilica where See also:Clovis was baptized by St See also:Remigius. The cathedral, with the exception of the west front, was completed by the end of the 13th century. That portion was erected in the 14th century after 13th-century designs—the See also:nave having in the meantime been lengthened to afford See also:room for the crowds that attended the coronations. In 1481 See also:fire destroyed the roof and the See also:spires. In 1875 the See also:National See also:Assembly voted £80,000 for See also:repairs of the See also:facade and balustrades. This facade is the finest portion of the See also:building, and one of the most perfect masterpieces of the See also:middle ages. The three portals are laden with statues and statuettes. The central portal, dedicated to the Virgin, is surmounted by a See also:rose-window framed in an arch itself decorated with statuary. The " See also:gallery of the kings " above has the See also:baptism of Clovis in the centre and statues of his successors. The towers, 267 ft. high, were originally designed to rise 394 ft.; that on the south contains two great bells, one of which, named " See also:Charlotte " by See also:Cardinal de See also:Lorraine in 1570, weighs more than II tons. The facades of the transepts are also decorated with sculptures—that on the north with statues of the principal bishops of Reims, a See also:representation of the Last See also:Judgment and a figure of See also:Christ (le Beau Dieu) while that on the south See also:side has a beautiful rose-window with the prophets and apostles. Of the four towers which flanked the transepts nothing remains above the height of the roof since the fire of 1481. Above the See also:choir rises an elegant See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell-See also:tower 'in See also:timber and See also:lead, 59 ft. high, reconstructed in the 15th century. The interior of the cathedral is 455 ft. See also:long, 98 ft. wide in the nave, and 125 ft. high in the centre, and comprises a nave with ,isles, transepts with aisles, a choir with See also:double aisles, and an See also:apse with deambulatory and radiating chapels. It has a profusion of statues similar to those of the outside, and stained See also:glass of the 13th century. The rose-window over the See also:main portal and the gallery beneath are of rare magnificence. The cathedral possesses fine tapestries. Of these the most important See also:series is that presented by See also:Robert de Lenoncourt, See also:archbishop under See also:Francis I., representing the See also:life of the Virgin. The north See also:transept contains a fine 'See also:organ in a Flamboyant See also:Gothic See also:case. The choir See also:clock is ornamented with curious See also:mechanical figures. Several paintings, by See also:Tintoretto, See also:Nicolas Poussin, and others, and the carved woodwork and the railings of the choir, also deserve mention. The See also:treasury contains the Sainte Ampoule, or See also:holy See also:flask, the successor of the See also:ancient one broken at the Revolution (see below), a fragment of which it contains.
The archiepiscopal See also:palace, built between 1498 and 1509, and in See also:part rebuilt in 1675, was occupied by the kings on the occasion of their See also:coronation. The See also:saloon (salle du Tau), where the royal banquet was held, has an immense See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:chimney of the 15th century, medallions of the archbishops of Reins, and portraits of fourteen kings crowned in the city. Among the other rooms of the royal See also:suite, all of which are of great beauty and richness, is that now used for the meetings of the Reims See also:Academy; the building also contains a library. The See also:chapel of the archiepiscopal palace consists of two storeys, of which the upper still serves as a place of See also:worship. Both the chapel and the salle du Tau are decorated with tapestries of the 17th century, known as the Perpersack tapestries, after the Flemish See also:weaver who executed them.
After the cathedral, which it almost equals in See also:size, the most celebrated church is St Remi, once attached to an important abbey, the buildings of which are used as a See also:hospital. St Remi See also:dates from the 11th, 12th, 13th and 15th centuries. The nave and transepts, Romanesque in See also:style, date mainly from the earliest, the facade of the south transept from the latest, of those periods, the choir and apse chapels from the 12th and 13th centuries. The valuable monuments with which the church was at one See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time filled were pillaged during the Revolution, and even the See also:tomb of the See also:saint is a See also:modern See also:work; but there remain the I2th-century glass windows of the apse and tapestries representing the See also:history of St Remigius, given by Robert de Lenoncourt. The churches of St Jacques, St See also:Maurice (partly rebuilt in 1867), St See also:Andre, and St See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas (erected from 1847 to 1853, under the patronage of Cardinal Gousset, now buried within its walls), are all of See also:minor See also:interest. Of the fine church of St Nicaise only insignificant remains are to be seen.
The town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, erected in the 17th and enlarged in the 19thcentury, has a See also:pediment with an equestrian statue of Louis XIII. and a tall and elegant campanile!
It contains a picture gallery, ethnographical, archaeological and other collections, and the public library. There are many old houses, the See also:House of the Musicians (13th century) being so called from the seated figures of musicians which decorate the front.
In 1874 the construction of a See also:chain of detached forts was begun in the vicinity, Reims being selected as one of the chief defences of the See also:northern approaches of Paris. The See also:ridge of St See also:Thierry is crowned with a fort of the same name, which with the neighbouring work of Chenay closes the west side of the place. To the north the See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill of Brimont has three See also:works guarding the Laon railway and the Aisne canal. Farther See also:east, on the old Roman road, lies the fort de Fresnes. Due east the hills of Arnay are crowned with five large and important works which See also:cover the approaches from the upper Aisne. Forts Pompelle and Montbre See also:close the south-east side, and the See also:Falaise hills on the Paris side are open and unguarded. The perimeter of the defences is not quite 22 m., and the forts are a mean distance of 6 m. from the centre of the city.
Reims is the seat of an archbishop, a See also:court of See also:assize and a sub-See also:prefect. It is an important centre for the combing, See also:carding and See also:spinning of See also:wool and the See also:weaving of See also:flannel, See also:merino, See also:cloth and woollen goods of all kinds, these See also:industries employing some 24,000 hands; See also:dyeing and " dressing " are also carried on. It is the chief wool See also:market in France, and has a " conditioning house " which determines the loss of See also:weight resulting from the drying of the wool. The manufacture of and See also:trade in See also:champagne is also very important. The See also:wine is stored in large cellars tunnelled in the See also:chalk. Other manufactures are machinery, chemicals, See also:safes, capsules, bottles, casks, candles, See also:soap and See also:paper. The town is well known for its cakes and biscuits.
Ilistory.—Before the Roman See also:conquest Reims, as Durocortorum, was See also:capital of the Remi, from whose name that of the town was subsequently derived. The Remi made voluntary submission to the See also:Romans, and by their fidelity throughout the various Gallic insurrections secured the See also:special favour of their conquerors. See also:Christianity was established in the town by the middle of the 3rd century, at which See also:period the bishopric was founded. The consul Jovinus, an influential supporter of the new faith, repulsed the barbarians who invaded Champagne in 336; but the See also:Vandals captured the town in 406 and slew St Nicasus, and See also:Attila afterwards put it to fire and See also:sword. Clovis, after his victory at See also:Soissons (486), was baptized at Reims in 496 by St Remigius. Later kings desired to be consecrated at Reims with the oil of the sacred phial which was believed to have been brought from See also:heaven by a See also:dove for the baptism of Clovis and was preserved in the abbey of St Remi. Meetings of See also:Pope See also:Stephen III. with See also:Pippin the See also:Short, and of See also:Leo III. with See also:Charlemagne, took place at Reigns; and here Louis the Debonnaire was crowned by Stephen IV. Louis IV. gave the town and countship of Reims to the archbishop Artaldus in 940. Louis VII. gave the See also:title of See also:duke and peer to See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of Champagne, archbishop from 1176 to 1202, and the archbishops of Reims took See also:precedence of the other ecclesiastical peers of the See also:realm. In the loth century Reims had become a centre of intellectual culture, Archbishop See also:Adalberon, seconded by the See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk See also:Gerbert (afterwards Pope See also:Silvester II.), having founded See also:schools where the " liberal arts " were taught. Adalberon was also one of the See also:prime authors of the revolution which put the See also:Capet house in the place of the See also:Carolingians. The most important See also:prerogative of the archbishops was the See also:consecration of the kings of France—a See also:privilege which was exercised, except in a few cases, from the time of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip Augustus to that of See also:Charles X. Louis VII. granted the town a communal See also:charter in 1139. The treaty of See also:Troyes (1420) ceded it to the See also:English, who had made a futile See also:attempt to take it by See also:siege in 136o; but they were expelled on the approach of Joan of Arc, who in 1429 caused Charles VII. to be consecrated in the cathedral. A revolt at Reims, caused by the See also:salt tax in 1461, was cruelly repressed by Louis XI. The town sided with the See also:League (1585), but submitted to See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. after the See also:battle of
Ivry. In the See also:foreign invasions of 1814 it was captured and recaptured; in 1870—71 it was made by the Germans the seat of a See also:governor-See also:general and impoverished by heavy requisitions.
See G. Marlot, Histoire de la ville, cite et universite de Reims, 4 vols. (Reims, 1843-46) ; J. Justinus (See also:Baron I. See also:- TAYLOR
- TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
- TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
- TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
- TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
- TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
- TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
- TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
- TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
- TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
- TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
- TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
- TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
- TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
- TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)
Taylor), La Ville de Reims (Paris, 1854).
End of Article: REIMS (RHEIMS)
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