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See also: PRECEDENCE (from See also:Lat. praecedere, to go before, precede) . This word in the sense in which it is here employed means priority of See also:place, or superiority of See also:rank, in the conventional See also:system of arrangement under which the more eminent and dignified orders of the community are classified on occasions of public ceremony and in the intercourse of private See also:life. In the See also:United See also:Kingdom there is no See also:complete and comprehensive See also:code whereby the See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of social gradation has been defined and settled, once and for all, on a sure and lasting See also:foundation. The principles and rules at See also:present controlling it have been formulated at different periods and have been derived from various See also:sources. The See also:Crown is the See also:fountain of See also:honour, and it is its undoubted See also:prerogative to confer on any of its subjects, in any See also:part of its dominions, such titles and distinctions and such rank and place as to it may seem meet and convenient. Its discretion in this respect is altogether unbounded at See also:common See also:law, and is limited in those cases only wherein it has been submitted to restraintby See also:act of See also:parliament. In the old See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time all questions of precedence came in the See also:ordinary course of things within the See also:jurisdiction of the See also:court of See also:chivalry, in which the See also:lord high See also:- CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
- CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
- CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
- CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
- CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)
constable and See also:earl See also:marshal presided as See also:judges, and of which the See also:kings of arms, heralds and pursuivants were the assessors and executive See also:officers. When, however, points of unusual moment and magnitude •happened to be brought into controversy, they were occasionally considered and decided by the See also:sovereign in See also:person, or by a See also:special See also:commission, or by the privy See also:council, or even by the parliament itself. But it was not until towards the See also:middle of the 16th See also:century that precedence was made the subject of any legislation in the proper meaning of the See also:term.' .
In 1539 an act " for the placing of the Lords in Parliament " (31 See also:Hen. VIII. c. 10) was passed at the instance of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, and by it the relative rank of the members of the royal See also:family, of the See also:great officers of See also:state and the See also:household, and of the See also:hierarchy and the See also:peerage was definitely and definitively ascertained. In 1563 an act " for declaring the authority of the Lord Keeper of the Great See also: Seal and the Lord See also:Chancellor to be the same " (5 Eliz. c. 18) also declared their precedence to be the same. Questions concerning the precedence of peers are mentioned in the Lords See also:Journals 4 & 5 Ph. and M. and 39 Eliz., but in the reign of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I. such questions were often referred to the commissioners for executing the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of earl marshal. In the reign of See also:Charles I. the See also:House of Lords considered several questions of precedency and objected in the earl of See also:Banbury's See also:case to warrants overruling the See also:statute of 31 Hen. VIII. In 1689 an act " for enabling Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal to execute the office of Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper " (1 Will. and See also:Mary c. 21) gave to the commissioners not being peers of the See also:realm place next to the See also:speaker of the House of See also:Commons and to the speaker place next to the peers of the realm. In 1707 the Act of See also:Union with See also:Scotland (6 See also:Anne c. 11) provided that all peers of Scotland should be peers of Great See also:Britain'- and should have rank immediately after the peers of the like degrees in See also:England at the time of the union and before all peers of Great Britain of the like degrees created after the union. In 1800 the Act of Union with See also:Ireland (39 & 40 Geo. III. c. 67) provided that the lords spiritual of Ireland should have rank immediately after the lords spiritual of the same degree in Great Britain, and that the lords temporal of Ireland should have rank immediately after the lords temporal of the same degree in Great Britain at the time of the union, and further that " peerages of Ireland created after the union should have precedence with peerages of the United Kingdom created after the union according to the See also:dates of their creation." At different times too during the current century several statutes have been passed for the reform and See also:extension of the judicial organization which have very materially affected the precedence of the judges, more especially the Judicature Act of 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. C. 66), under which the lords justices of See also: appeal and the justices of the High Court now receive their appointments. But the statute of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VIII. " for the placing of the Lords " still remains the only legislative measure in which it has been attempted to See also:deal directly and systematically with any large and important See also:section of the See also:scale of See also:general precedence; and the law, so far as it relates to the ranking of the sovereign's immediate kindred whether lineal or See also:collateral, the See also:principal ministers of the Crown and court, and both the spiritual and temporal members of the House of Lords, is to all See also:practical intents and purposes what it was made by that statute nearly 350 years ago. Where no act of parliament applies precedence is determined either by the will and See also:pleasure of the sovereign or by what is accepted as " See also:ancient usage and established
' Ample materials for the See also:satisfaction of the curiosity of those who are desirous of investigating the See also:history of precedence under its wider and more remote aspects will be found in such writers as See also:Selden or See also:Mackenzie, together with the authorities quoted or referred to by them : Selden, Titles of Honor, pt. ii. p. 940 seq. (See also:London, 1672) ; Mackenzie, Observations upon The See also:Laws and Customs of Nations as to Precedency (See also:Edinburgh, 168o; and also reprinted in Guillim, Display of See also:Heraldry, 6th ed., London, 1724).
End of Article: PRECEDENCE (from Lat. praecedere, to go before, precede)
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