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See also:ANNE (1693-1740) , empress of See also:Russia, second daughter of See also:Tsar See also:Ivan V., See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter the See also:Great's See also:imbecile See also:brother, and Praskovia Saltuikova. Her girlhood was passed at Ismailovo near See also:Moscow, with her See also:mother, an ignorant, bigoted tsaritsa of the old school, who neglected and even hated her daughters. Peter acted as a second See also:father to the Ivanovs, as Praskovia and her See also:family were called. In 1710 he married Anne to See also:Frederick See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William, See also:duke. of See also:Courland, who died of surfeit on his See also:journey See also:home from St See also:Petersburg. The reluctant See also:young widow was ordered to, proceed on her way to Mittau to take over the See also:government of Courland, with. the See also:Russian See also:resident, See also:Count Peter Bestuzhev, as her adviser. He was subsequently her See also:lover, till supplanted by See also:Biren (q.v.). Anne's See also:residence at Mittau was embittered by the utter inadequacy of her See also:revenue, which she keenly See also:felt. It was therefore with joy that she at once accepted the Russian See also:crown, as the,next See also:heir, after the See also:death of Peter II. (See also:January 30, 1730), when it was offered to her by the members of the supreme privy See also:council, even going so far as to subscribe previously nine articles which would have reduced her from an See also:absolute to a very limited monarch, On the 26th of See also:February she made her public entry into Moscow under strict surveillance. On the 8th of See also:March a coup d'etat, engineered by a party of her See also:personal See also:friends, overthrew the supreme privy council and she was hailed as autocrat. Her government, on the whole, was prudent, beneficial and even glorious; but it was undoubtedly severe and became at last universally unpopular, This was due in the See also:main to the outrageous insolence of her all-powerful favourite Biren, who hated the Russian See also:nobility and trampled upon them mercilessly. Fortunately, Biren was sufficiently prudent not to meddle with See also:foreign affairs or with the See also:army, and these departments in the able hands of two other foreigners, who thoroughly identified. themselves with Russia, Andrei See also:Osterman (q.v.) and Burkhardt Mtinnich (q.v.) did great things in the reign of Anne. The See also:chief See also:political events of the See also:period were the See also:War of the See also:Polish See also:Succession and the second' See also:Crimean War. The former was caused by the reappearance of See also:Stanislaus Les2czynski as a See also:candidate for the Polish See also:throne after the death of See also:Augustus II. (February 1, 1733). The interests of Russia would not, permit her to recognize a candidate dependent directly on See also:France and indirectly upon See also:Sweden and See also:Turkey, all three See also:powers being at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time opposed to Russia's" See also:system." She accordingly See also:united with See also:Austria to support the candidature of the See also:late See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's son, Augustus of See also:Saxony. So far as Russia was concerned, the War of the Polish Succession was quickly over. Much more important was the Crimean War oft 736-39. This war marks the beginning of that systematic struggle on the See also:part of Russia to recover her natural and legitimate See also:southern boundaries. It lasted
' VasilyGolitsuin's expedition under the regency of See also:Sophia was the first Crimean War (1687-89).
four years and a See also:half, and cost her a See also:hundred thousand men and millions of roubles; and though invariably successful, she had to be content with the acquisition of a single See also:city (See also:Azov) with a small See also:district at the mouth of the See also:Don. Yet more had been gained than was immediately apparent. In the first See also:place, this was the only war hitherto waged by Russia against Turkey which had not ended in crushing disaster. Miinnich had at least dissipated the illusion of See also:Ottoman invincibility, and taught the. Russian soldier that See also:ioo,000 See also:janissaries and See also:spahis were no match, in a See also:fair See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field, for half that number of grenadiers and hussars. In the second place the Tatar hordes had been well nigh exterminated. In the third place Russia's See also:signal and unexpected successes in the See also:Steppe had immensely increased her See also:prestige on the See also:continent. " This See also:court begins to have a great See also:deal to say in the affairs of See also:Europe," remarked the See also:English See also:minister, See also:Sir See also:Claudius See also:Rondeau, a See also:year later.
The last days of Anne were absorbed by the endeavour to strengthen the position of the heir to the throne, the baby See also:cesarevich Ivan, afterwards Ivan VI., the son of the empress's niece, See also:Anna Leopoldovna, against the See also:superior claims of her See also:cousin the cesarevna See also:Elizabeth. The empress herself died three months later (28th of See also:October 1740). Her last See also:act was to appoint Biren See also:regent during the See also:infancy of her great-See also:nephew.
Anne was a grim, sullen woman, frankly sensual, but as well-meaning as See also:ignorance and vindictiveness would allow her to be. But she had much natural See also:good sense, was a true friend and, in her more cheerful moments, an amiable See also:companion. See also:Lady Rondeau's portrait of the empress shows her to the best See also:advantage. She is described as a large woman, towering above all the cavaliers of her court, but very well shaped for her See also:size, easy and graceful in her See also:person, of a majestic bearing, but with an awfulness in her countenance which revolted those who disliked her.
See R. Nisbet See also:Bain, The Pupils of Peter the Great (See also:London, 1897) ; Letters from a lady who resided some years in Russia (i.e. Lady Rondeau) (London, 1775); Christoph See also:Hermann.Manstein, Memoires sur la Russie (See also:Amsterdam, 1771; English edition, London, 1856) ; See also:Gerhard Anton von H al em,Lebensschreibung See also:des Feldm.B.C.Grafen von Miinnich (See also:Oldenburg, 1803) ; Claudius Rondeau,DiplamaticDespatches from Russia, 1728-1739 (St Petersburg, 1889-1892), (R. N.
End of Article: ANNE (1693-1740)
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