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See also:SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
CHURCH OF , a Scottish church (see above) in communion with, but historically distinct from, the Church of See also:England, and composed of seven dioceses: See also:Aberdeen and See also:Orkney; See also:Argyll and the Isles; See also:Brechin; See also:Edinburgh; See also:Glasgow and See also:Galloway; See also:Moray, See also:Ross and See also:Caithness; and St See also:Andrews, See also:Dunkeld and See also:Dunblane. All, except Edinburgh, founded by See also:Charles I., are pre-See also:Reformation See also:sees. The bishops constitute the episcopal See also:synod, the supreme See also:court of See also:appeal,
' During the See also:long See also:period of proscription, the See also:Roman See also:Catholic Church in Scotland survived in scattered See also:groups; after the Reformation it was at first under the See also:jurisdiction of the See also:English See also:arch-See also:priest, but from 1653 to 1694 it was governed by prefects apostolic and from 1604 to 1878 by vicars apostolic appointed by the See also:pope.whose See also:president, elected by the members from among them-selves, has the See also:style, not the functions, of a See also:metropolitan, being called See also:primus. The legislature is the provincial synod, consisting of the bishops, at whose discretion it is summoned, and a See also:lower chamber of presbyters. The canons have the authority of this synod. The representative church See also:council, including laymen, administers See also:finance. Each See also:diocese has its synod of the See also:clergy. Its See also:dean is appointed by the See also:bishop, and, on the voidance of the see, See also:summons the clerical and See also:lay See also:electors, at the instance of the primus, to choose a bishop, who is presented to the episcopal synod for See also:confirmation and to the primus for See also:consecration. There are cathedrals at See also:Perth, See also:Inverness, Edinburgh and Cumbrae; the sees of Aberdeen, Brechin and Glasgow have no cathedrals. The Theological See also:College was founded in 181o, incorporated with Trinity College, See also:Glenalmond, in 1848, and re-established at Edinburgh in 1876. There were 356 congregations, with a See also:total membership of 124,335, and 324 working clergy in 1900. No existing See also:ministry can claim See also:regular historic continuity with the See also:ancient See also:hierarchy of Scotland, but the bishops of the Episcopal Church are See also:direct successors of the prelates consecrated to Scottish sees at the Restoration. On the refusal of the bishops to recognize See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III. (1689), the presbyterian polity was established in the See also:kirk, the effect of which on its ecclesiastical status is a See also:matter of theological See also:opinion, but the Comprehension See also:Act of 1690 allowed episcopalian incumbents, on taking the See also:Oath of See also:Allegiance, to retain their benefices, though excluding them from any See also:share in the See also:government without a further See also:declaration of presbyterian principles. Many non-jurors also succeeded for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in retaining the use of the See also:parish churches. The extruded bishops were slow to organize the episcopalian remnant under a jurisdiction See also:independent of the See also:state, regarding the then arrangements as provisional, and looking forward to a reconstituted See also:national kirk under a " legitimate " See also:sovereign. A few prelates, known as college bishops, were consecrated without sees, to pre-serve the See also:succession rather than to exercise a defined authority. But at length the hopelessness of the See also:- STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
- STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
- STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
- STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
- STEWART, J
- STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
- STEWART, JULIUS L
- STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
- STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
- STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
- STEWART, STUART
- STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)
Stewart cause and the growth of congregations outside the See also:establishment forced the bishops to dissociate canonical jurisdiction from royal See also:prerogative and to reconstitute for themselves a territorial episcopate. The act of See also:Queen See also:Anne (1712), which protects the " Episcopal Communion," marks its virtual See also:incorporation as a distinct society. But matters were still complicated by a considerable, though declining, number of episcopalian incumbents holding the parish churches. Moreover, the Jacobitism of the non-jurors provoked a state policy of repression in 1715 and 1745, and fostered the growth of new Hanoverian congregations, served by clergy episcopally ordained but amenable to no bishop, who qualified themselves under the act of 1712. This act was further modified in 1746 and 1748 to exclude clergymen ordained in Scotland. These causes reduced the Episcopalians, who included at the Revolution a large See also:section of the See also:people, to what is now, See also:save in a few corners of the See also:west and See also:north-See also:east of Scotland, a small minority. The See also:official recognition of See also:George III. on the See also:death of Charles See also:Edward in 1788, removed the See also:chief See also:bar to progress. The " qualified " congregations were gradually absorbed, though traces of this ecclesiastical solecism still linger. In 1792 the penal See also:laws were repealed, but clerical disabilities were only finally removed in 1864. In 1784 See also:Seabury, the first See also:American bishop, was consecrated at Aberdeen. The See also:Book of See also:Common See also:Prayer, which came into See also:general use at the Revolution, is now the authorized service book. The Scottish Communion See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
Office, compiled by the non-jurors in accordance with See also:primitive See also:models, has had a varying co-See also:ordinate authority, and the modifications of the English See also:liturgy adopted by the American Church were mainly determined by its See also:influence. Among the clergy of See also:post-Revolution days the most eminent are Bishop See also:Sage, a well-known patristic See also:scholar; Bishop Rattray, liturgiologist; See also:John See also:Skinner, of Longside, author of Tullochgorum; Bishop See also:Gleig, editor of the .3rd edition of the See also:Encyclopaedia Britannica; Dean See also:Ramsay, author of Reminiscences of Scottish See also:Life and See also:Character; Bishop A. P. See also:Forbes; G. H. Forbes, liturgiologist; and Bishop Charles See also:Wordsworth.
End of Article: SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF
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