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DUNKELD

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 680 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DUNKELD , a See also:

town of See also:Perthshire, See also:Scotland, on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:Tay, 152 M. N.W. of See also:Perth by the Highland railway. Pop. (19o1) 586. The See also:river is crossed by a See also:bridge of seven See also:arches which was designed by See also:Thomas See also:Telford in 1805 and opened in 18o8. The town lies in the midst of luxuriant trees, and the See also:noble sweep of the Tay, the effectively situated bridge, the magnificent grounds of Dunkeld See also:House, and the protecting mountains combine to give it a very romantic See also:appearance. The town See also:hall is the See also:principal See also:modern See also:building, and the See also:fountain erected in See also:Market Square to the memory of the 6th See also:duke of See also:Atholl (d.1864) occupies the site of the old See also:cross. As See also:early as 729—some authorities See also:fix the date a See also:hundred and fifty years before—the See also:Culdees possessed a monastery at Dunkeld, which was converted into a See also:cathedral by See also:David I. in 1127. This structure stood until the See also:Reformation, when itwas unroofed and suffered to fall into ruin. The building consists of the See also:nave (120 ft. See also:long, 6o ft. wide, 40 ft. high), aisles (12 ft. wide), See also:choir, See also:chapter-house and See also:tower. The nave is the most beautiful portion. The Pointed arches See also:rest upon pillars, possibly See also:Norman, and above them, below the Decorated See also:clerestory windows, is a See also:series of semicircular arches with flamboyant See also:tracery, a remarkable feature.

The choir, founded by See also:

Bishop See also:William See also:Sinclair (d. 1337), has been repaired, and serves as the See also:parish See also:church, a See also:blue See also:marble slab in the See also:floor marking the bishop's See also:grave. The chapter-house, adjoining the choir, was built by Bishop Thomas See also:Lauder (1395–1481) in 1469, and the vault beneath is the See also:burial-See also:place of the Atholl Murrays. Lauder also began the tower, completed in 1501. In the See also:porch of the church is the most interesting of the extant old tombs, namely, the recumbent effigy of See also:Alexander See also:Stewart, the See also:Wolf of See also:Badenoch (1343–1405; the inscription refers his See also:death to 1394, but this is said to be an See also:error). The most famous of the Bishops was Gavin See also:Douglas (1474-1522), translator of the Aeneid. One of the most heroic exploits in the See also:annals of warfare is associated with the cathedral. Shortly after the See also:battle of See also:Killiecrankie (1689), the Cameronian See also:regiment, enrolled in the same See also:year (afterwards the 26th See also:Foot), was despatched to hold Dunkeld See also:prior to another invasion of the See also:Highlands. It was under the command of See also:Colonel William See also:Cleland (b. 1661), a poet of some merit. On the 26th of See also:August a force of 5000 Highlanders suddenly appearing, Cleland posted his men in the church and behind the See also:wall of the See also:earl of Atholl's See also:mansion. Still flushed with their victory under See also:Dundee, and animated by bitterest hatred of their Whiggamore foes, the Highlanders assaulted the position of the See also:Covenanters, who were 1200 strong, with the most desperate valour.

Sustained by their See also:

enthusiasm, however, the recruits displayed equal courage, and, at the end of four See also:hours' stubborn fighting, their See also:defence was still intact. Fearing lest victory, even if won, might be See also:purchased too dearly, the Highlanders gradually withdrew. While leading a sortie Cleland was shot dead, and was buried in the See also:churchyard. Adjoining the cathedral is Dunkeld House, a seat of the duke of Atholl, the grounds of which are estimated to contain 50 M. of walks and 30 M. of drives. On the See also:lawn near the cathedral stand two of the earliest larches grown in See also:Great See also:Britain, having been introduced from See also:Tirol by the 2nd duke in 1738. The 4th duke planted several square See also:miles of the See also:estate with this See also:tree, of which he had made a See also:special study. A mile See also:south of Dunkeld, on the left bank of the Tay, is the See also:village of Birnam (pop. 389), where See also:Sir See also:John See also:Everett See also:Millais, the painter, made his summer See also:residence. It lies at the foot of Birnam See also:Hill (1324 ft.), once covered with a royal See also:forest that has been partly replaced by plantations. The See also:oak and sycamore in front of Birnam House, the famed twin trees of Birnam, are believed to be more than l000 years old, and to be the remnant of the See also:wood of Birnam which See also:Shakespeare immortalized in See also:Macbeth. The Pass of Birnam, where the river narrows, was the path usually taken by the Highlanders in their forays. In the vicinity are the castles of Murthly, one a modern mansion in the Elizabethan See also:style, erected about 1838 from designs by See also:James See also:Gillespie See also:Graham (1777-1855), and the other the old See also:castle, still occupied, which was occasionally used as a See also:hunting-See also:lodge by the Scottish See also:kings.

At Little Dunkeld, almost opposite to Dunkeld, the See also:

Bran joins the Tay, after a run of 11 m. from its source in See also:Loch Freuchie. It is celebrated for its falls about 2 M. from the mouth. The upper fall is known as the Rumbling Bridge from the fact that the stream pours with a rumbling See also:noise through a deep narrow See also:gorge in which a huge fallen See also:rock has become wedged, forming a See also:rude bridge or See also:arch. Inver, near the mouth of the Bran, was the birthplace of the two famous fiddlers, See also:Niel See also:Gow (1727–1807) and his son Nathaniel (1766-1831).

End of Article: DUNKELD

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