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PERTH , a See also:city, and royal, municipal and See also:police See also:burgh, and See also:county See also:town of See also:Perthshire, See also:Scotland, 32 M. N. by W. of See also:Edinburgh See also:direct, and 474 M. by the See also:North See also:British railway, via the Forth See also:Bridge and Kinross Junction. Pop. (1901), 33,566. It is situated on the right See also:bank of the See also:Tay, between the meadows of the North See also:Inch (98 acres) and those of the See also:South Inch (72 acres), both laid out as public parks. The See also:river is crossed by St See also:John's Bridge of nine See also:arches, completed in 1772 from the designs of John See also:Smeaton and widened a See also:century later; by See also:Victoria Bridge, a See also:modern structure connecting South See also:Street with See also:Dundee Road; and farther south (at the end of Tay Street) by a footway alongside of the viaduct belonging to the Caledonian railway. Of earlier See also:bridges one, which crossed at High Street, was swept away by the See also:flood of 1621, and another, constructed by See also:General See also:Wade in 1723–1733, was apparently the predecessor of Smeaton's bridge. On the See also:left bank of the river See also:lie the suburb of See also:Bridgend and Kinnoull See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill (729 ft.). To the south are the See also:wood-clad heights of Moncrieffe Hill (725 ft.), Magdalenes Hill (596 ft.), Kirkton Hill (540 ft.) and See also:Craigie Wood (407) ft. In the river are Friarton or Moncrieffe See also:Island and the Stanners.
Notwithstanding the importance of Perth in former times, almost the See also:sole relic of the past is the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St John the Baptist, a large Decorated cruciform See also:building surmounted by a massive square central See also:tower 155 ft. high. The See also:original edifice is believed to have been erected in the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Columba, but the See also:transept and See also:nave of the existing structure date from the See also:early See also:part of the 13th century, the See also:choir from the 15th. The church was restored in 1891, and' is now divided into the See also:East, See also:Middle and See also:West churches. The See also:silver-gilt communion See also:cup used in the Middle Church is said to have been presented by See also:Queen See also:Mary. In May 1559 John See also:Knox preached in St John's his famous See also:sermon in denunciation of See also:idolatry. The Dominican or Blackfriars' monastery, founded by See also:Alexander II. in 1231, occupied a site near the west end of St John's Bridge; in. what is now See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King Street stood the Carthusian monastery, founded by See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I. in 1425; the Franciscan or Greyfriars' monastery, founded in 1460 by Laurance, first See also:Lord See also:Oliphant, stood on the See also:present Greyfriars' See also:cemetery; the Carmelite or Whitefriars' monastery, founded in 1260, stood west of the town. The tombstone of James I. and his queen, who were buried in the See also:Charterhouse, was afterwards removed to St John's East Church. During the See also:period between the beginning of the 12th century and the assassination of James I. in 1437, many of the Scottish parliaments were held in Perth. The building in which they met stood off High Street and was only cleared away in 1818, itssite being occupied by the Freemasons' See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall. The See also:earl of See also:Gowrie's See also:palace, built in 1520, stood in spacious grounds near the river and was removed in 1805 to provide See also:room for the county buildings. The See also:castle of Perth stood on the north of High Street, not far from St John's. It was probably built about 86o and demolished about 1400. The See also:Spey or See also:Spy tower, the most important fortress on the city See also:wall, guarded the south See also:gate See also:close to the river, but it was taken down early in the 19th century. The See also:market See also:cross, erected in High Street in 1669 to replace the older cross which See also:Cromwell destroyed, was removed in 1765 as an obstruction. The huge fortress, 466 ft. square, which Cromwell erected in 1651 on the South Inch, close to the river and the Greyfriars' burying-ground, was demolished in 1663. The See also:house of See also:Catherine See also:Glover, the " See also:Fair Maid of Perth," still stands in See also:Curfew See also:Row. James VI.'s See also:Hospital, founded in 1569, occupies the site of the Carthusian monastery, the original structure having been pulled down by Cromwell's orders. The pensioners now live out and the hospital has been converted into artisans' dwellings. Among modern public buildings the See also:principal are St See also:Ninian's Episcopal See also:Cathedral, in the Early Middle Pointed See also:style, an important example (completed 1890) of the See also:work of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Butterfield (1814–1900); the municipal buildings (1881); the city-hall; the See also:Marshall Memorial Hall (1823), See also:housing the public library and the museum of the Perth See also:Literary and Antiquarian Society; the Perthshire natural See also:history museum; the See also:Sandeman public library (1898), founded by a See also:bequest of See also:Professor Sandeman of See also:Owens See also:College, See also:Manchester. The general See also:prison for Scotland, south of the South Inch, was originally erected in 1812 as a See also:depot for See also:French prisoners, but was remodelled as a convict prison in 1840 and afterwards enlarged. North-west of the city are the military See also:barracks built in 1793-1794. Besides the See also:regular elementary See also:schools there are the Perth See also:Academy (18oi) with which was subsequently amalgamated the Burgh See also:Grammar School, an institution supposed to date from the 12th century; See also:Sharp's See also:institute (1860); the See also:- STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
- STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
- STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
- STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
- STEWART, J
- STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
- STEWART, JULIUS L
- STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
- STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
- STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
- STEWART, STUART
- STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)
Stewart's See also:free school, an See also:industrial school for girls, and the Fechney industrial school. The charitable institutions comprise the royal infirmary, in the See also:Italian style, considerably enlarged since its See also:foundation in 1836; the See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray royal lunatic See also:asylum in Bridgend; the Hillside House in Kinnoull and the small-pox hospital.
From the south the city is entered by the North British railway and the Caledonian railway (which also runs west to St Fillans, east to Dundee and north-west to See also:Aberdeen); and from the north by the Highland railway, the three systems utilizing a general station in the south-west of the town. During the See also:season there is communication with Dundee and other river ports by steamer. The See also:navigation of the stream is considerably obstructed by sandbanks, but vessels of 200 tons can unload at the quays, which, with the town and Friarton harbours, lie below the South Inch.
The greatest tidal rise is 13 ft. The See also:chief imports are Baltic See also:timber, See also:coal, See also:salt and manure; and the exports, manufactured goods, See also:grain, potatoes and slates. Perth has See also:long been famous for its See also:dyeing and See also:bleaching, the bleach-See also:fields being mostly situated outside of the city, in convenient proximity to the Tay and See also:Almond. The other leading See also:industries include manufactures of See also:gauge-glasses, See also:ink, muslins, See also:India shawls, jute goods, woollens and winceys, See also:floorcloth, and boots and shoes. There are See also:iron foundries, breweries, distilleries, rope and See also:sail See also:works, See also:coach-building yards, See also:steam See also:joinery works, and See also:brick and See also:tile works. The See also:salmon See also:fisheries of the Tay yield a substantial See also:revenue. Perth is under the See also:jurisdiction of a town See also:council, with a lord See also:provost and bailies, and returns one member to See also:parliament.
History.—During the time that it was occupied by the See also:Romans, a period estimated at 320 years, the city was called Victoria; but shortly after their withdrawal it seems to have See also:borne the See also:Celtic appellation of Aber-tha (" at the mouth of the Tay "). The transition to the latinized See also:form Bertha and later to Perth (the Gaelic name being Peart) appears obvious. On the See also:conversion of the original Pictish inhabitants and the See also:dedication of the first church to St John the Baptist, the town
was designated St Johnstoun, and it continued to be known indifferently by this name and that of Perth down to the 17th century. See also:Roman remains have often been found in excavations carried out within the existing boundaries, which suggests that the Roman See also:settlement was at least twenty feet below the present See also:surface. The obscurity of the early See also:annals of the town is explained by the circumstance that See also:Edward I. caused the records to be removed. Perth is stated to have been a burgh in 11o6 and was made a royal burgh by William the See also:Lion in 1210. During the Scottish See also:wars of the See also:Independence its fortifications were strengthened by Edward I. (1298). See also:Robert See also:Bruce several times ineffectually attempted to seize it, but in 1311 he succeeded in scaling the walls during a See also:night attack. This was the See also:fourth and most brilliant of the seven sieges which the city has sustained. Taken by Edward III. in 1335, it was recaptured in 1339. In 1396 the combat between the See also:Clan Chattan and the Clan Quhele, described in See also:Scott's Fair Maid of Perth, took See also:place on the North Inch in presence of Robert III. and his queen, Annabella See also:Drummond. The Blackfriars' monastery was the See also:scene of the See also:murder of James I. by See also:Walter, earl of See also:Atholl, in 1437. In consequence Perth lost its status as See also:capital, in which it had succeeded to See also:Scone, and the Parliament Courts were transferred to Edinburgh in 1482. Gowrie Palace was the scene of the mysterious " Gowrie " See also:conspiracy against James VI. in 1600. The town was taken by See also:Montrose in 1644, by Cromwell in 1651, and was occupied by See also:Viscount Dundee in 1689. In 1715 the Old Pretender was proclaimed king at the Mercat Cross (See also:Sept. 16), and the See also:chevalier himself appeared in the city in the following See also:January, only to leave it precipitately on the approach of the earl of See also:Argyll. See also:Prince See also:Charles Edward spent a few days in Perth from the 3rd of See also:September 1745. In both rebellions the magistrates took the See also:side of the See also:Crown and were supported by the townsfolk generally, the See also:Jacobites See also:drawing their strength mainly from the county noblemen and gentry with their retainers. Since then the city has devoted itself to the pursuits of See also:trade and See also:commerce. Perth was visited by See also:plague in 1512, 1585—1587, 16o8 and 1645; by See also:cholera in 1832; and the floods of 1210, -1621, 1744 1773 and 1814 were exceptionally severe.
End of Article: PERTH
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