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See also:COLUMBA, See also:SAINT (Irish, Colum) , Irish saint, was See also:born on the 7th of See also:December 52I, in all See also:probability at Gartan in Co. See also:Donegal. His See also:father Feidlimid was a member of the reigning See also:family in See also:Ireland and was closely allied to that of See also:Dalriada (See also:Argyll). His See also:mother Eithne was of See also:Leinster extraction and was descended from an illustrious provincial See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. To these powerful connexions as much as to his piety and ability, he owed the immense See also:influence he possessed. Later lives See also:state that the saint was also called Crimthann (See also:fox), and See also:Reeves suggests that he may have had two names, the one baptismal, the other See also:secular. He was afterwards known as Columkille, or Columba of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, to distinguish him from others of the same name. During his See also:early years the Irish Church was reformed by See also:Gildas and Finian of Clonard, and numerous monasteries were founded which made Ireland renowned as a centre of learning. Columba himself studied under two of the most distinguished Irishmen of his See also:day, Finian of Moville (at the See also:head of See also:Strangford Lough) and Finian of Clonard. Almost as a See also:matter of course, under such circumstances, he embraced the monastic See also:life. He was ordained See also:deacon while at Moville, and afterwards, when about See also:thirty years of See also:age, was raised to the priesthood. During his See also:residence in Ireland he founded, in addition to a number of churches, two famous monasteries, one named Daire Calgaich (Derry) on the See also:banks of Lough Foyle, the other Dair-magh (Durrow) in King's See also:county.
In 563 he See also:left his native See also:land, accompanied by twelve disciples, and went on a See also:mission to See also:northern See also:Britain, perhaps on the invitation of his kinsman Conall, king of Dalriada. Irish accounts represent Columba as undertaking this mission in consequence of the censure expressed against him by the See also:clergy after the See also:battle of Cooldrevny; but this is probably a fabrication. The saint's labours in See also:Scotland must be regarded as a manifestation of the same spirit of missionary enterprise with which so many of his countrymen were imbued. Columba established himself on the See also:island of Hy or See also:Iona, where he erected a church and a monastery. About the See also:year 565 he applied himself to the task of converting the See also:heathen See also:kingdom of the northern Picts. See also:Crossing over to the mainland he proceeded to the residence, on the banks of the Ness, of Bruck, king of the Picts. By his See also:preaching, his See also:holy life, and, as his earliest biographers assert, by the performance of miracles, he converted the king and many of his subjects. The precise details, except in a few cases, are unknown, or obscured by exaggeration and fiction; but it is certain that the whole of northern Scotland was converted by the labours of Columba, and his disciples and thereligious instruction of the See also:people provided for by the erection of numerous monasteries. The monastery of Iona was reverenced as the mother See also:house of all these See also:foundations, and its abbots were obeyed as the See also:chief ecclesiastical rulers of the whole nation of the northern Picts. There were then neither dioceses nor parishes in Ireland and See also:Celtic Scotland; and by the See also:Columbite See also:rule the bishops themselves, although they ordained the clergy, were subject to the See also:jurisdiction of the abbots of Iona, who, like the founder of the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, were only presbyters. In matters of See also:ritual they agreed with the Western Church on the See also:continent, See also:save in a few particulars such as the precise See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of keeping See also:Easter and manner of See also:tonsure.
Columba was honoured by his countrymen, the Scots of Britain and Ireland, as much as by his Pictish converts, and in his See also:character of chief ecclesiastical ruler he gave formal See also:benediction and inauguration to See also:Aidan, the successor of Conall, as king of the Scots. He accompanied that See also:prince to Ireland in 575, and took a leading See also:part in a See also:council held at Drumceat in See also:Ulster, which determined once and for all the position of the ruler of Dalriada with regard to the king of Ireland. The last years of Columba's life appear to have been mainly spent at Iona. There he was already revered as a saint, and whatever See also:credit may be given to some portions of the narratives of his biographers, there can be no doubt as to the wonderful influence which he exercised, as to the holiness of his life, and as to the love which he uniformly manifested to See also:God and to his See also:neighbour.
In the summer of 597 he knew that his end was approaching. On Saturday the 8th of See also:June he was able, with the help of one of his monks, to ascend a little See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill above the monastery and to give it his farewell blessing. Returning to his See also:cell he continued a labour in which he had been engaged, the transcription of the Psalter. Having finished the See also:verse of the 34th See also:Psalm where it is written, " They who seek the See also:Lord shall want no manner of thing that is See also:good," he said, " Here I must stop:—what follows let Baithen write "; indicating, as was believed, his wish that his See also:cousin Baithen should succeed him as See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot. He was See also:present at evening in the church, and when the midnight See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell sounded for the nocturnal See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office early on See also:Sunday See also:morning he again went thither unsupported, but sank down before the See also:altar and' passed away as in a See also:gentle See also:sleep.
Several Irish poems are ascribed to Columba, but they are manifestly compositions of a later age. Three Latin See also:hymns may, however, be attributed to the saint with some degree of certainty.
The See also:original materials for a life of St Columba are unusually full. The earliest See also:biography was written by one of his successors, Cuminius, who became abbot of Iona in 657. Much more important is the enlargement of that See also:work by See also:Adamnan, who became abbot of Iona in 679. These narratives are supplemented by the brief but most valuable notices given by the See also:- VENERABLE (Lat. venerabilis, worthy of reverence, venerari, to reverence, to worship, allied to Venus, love; the Indo-Germ. root is wen-, to desire, whence Eng. " win, properly to struggle for, hence to gain)
Venerable See also:Bede. See W. Reeves, Life of St Columba, written by Adamnan (See also:Dublin, 1857) ; W. F. See also:Skene, Celtic Scotland, vol. ii. " Church and Culture " (See also:Edinburgh, 1877). (E. C.
End of Article: COLUMBA, SAINT (Irish, Colum)
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