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WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 296 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WALTER, See also:JOHN (1738/9-1812) , founder of The Times newspaper, See also:London, was See also:born in 1738/9, probably in London, and from the See also:death of his See also:father, See also:Richard Walter (about 1755/6), until 1781 was engaged in a prosperous business as a See also:coal See also:merchant. He played a leading See also:part in establishing a Coal See also:Exchange in London; but shortly after 1781, when he began to occupy himself solely as an See also:underwriter and became a member of See also:Lloyd's, he over-speculated and failed. In 1782 he bought from one See also:Henry See also:Johnson a patent for a new method of See also:printing from " logotypes " (i.e. founts of words or portions of words, instead of letters), and made some improvements in it. In 1784 he acquired an old printing See also:office in Blackfriars, which formed the See also:nucleus of the Printing-See also:house Square of a later date, and established there his " Logographic Office." At first he only undertook the printing of books, but on 1st See also:January 1785 he started a small newspaper called The Daily Universal See also:Register, which on reaching its 940th number on 1st January x788 was renamed The Times. The printing business See also:developed and prospered, but the newspaper at first had a somewhat chequered career. In 1789 Mr Walter was tried for a See also:libel in it on the See also:duke of See also:York, and was sentenced to a See also:fine of 50, a See also:year's imprisonment in Newgate, to stand in the See also:pillory for an See also:hour and to give See also:surety for See also:good behaviour for seven years; and for further libels the fine was increased by £roo, and the imprisonment by a second year. On 9th See also:March 1791, however, he was liberated and pardoned. In 1799 he was again convicted for a technical libel, this See also:time on See also:Lord See also:Cowper. He had then given up the management of the business to his eldest son, See also:William, and had (1795) retired to See also:Teddington, where he died, 16th See also:November 1812. In 1759 he had married Frances See also:Landen (died 1798), by whom he had six See also:children. William Walter very soon gave up the duties he undertook in 1795, and in 1803 transferred the See also:sole management of the business to his younger See also:brother, John.

End of Article: WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

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