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clergy, indeed, there was a strong religious and political sympathy. He was a zealous churchman, and, though he had qualified himself for municipal office by taking the oaths to the sovereigns in See also:

possession, was to the last a Jacobite in See also:

heart. The social position of See also:

SAMUEL

Samuel's paternal grandfather, See also:

William Johnson, remains obscure; his See also:

MOTHER

mother was the daughter of See also:

Cornelius See also:

Ford, " a little See also:

WARWICKSHIRE

Warwickshire Gent." At a See also:

house (now the Johnson Museum) in the See also:

MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

Market Square, See also:

LICHFIELD

Lichfield, Samuel Johnson was born on the 18th of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1709 and baptized on the same See also:

day at St See also:

Mary's, Lichfield. In the See also:

child the See also:

PHYSICAL

physical, intellectual and moral peculiarities which. afterwards distinguished the See also:

man were plainly discernible: See also:

GREAT

great See also:

MUSCULAR

muscular strength accompanied by much awkwardness and many infirmities; great quickness of parts, with a morbid See also:

pro I pensity to See also:

SLOTH

sloth and procrastination; a See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind and generous heart, with a gloomy and irritable See also:

TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper. He had inherited from his ancestors a scrofulous taint, and his parents were weak enough to believe that the royal See also:

TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch would cure him. In his third See also:

YEAR

year he was taken up to See also:

LONDON

London, inspected by the court surgeon, prayed over by the court chaplains and stroked and presented with a piece of See also:

gold by See also:

Queen See also:

Anne. Her See also:

hand was applied in vain.

The boy's features, which were originally See also:

NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble and not irregular, were distorted by his malady. His cheeks were deeply scarred. He lost for a See also:

time the sight of one See also:

eye; and he saw but very imperfectly with the other. But the force of his mind overcame every impediment. Indolent as he was, he acquired knowledge with such ease and rapidity that at every school (such as those at Lichfield and See also:

STOURBRIDGE

Stourbridge) to which he was sent he was soon the best See also:

SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar. From sixteen to eighteen he resided at See also:

home, and was See also:

LEFT

left to his own devices. He learned much at this time, though his studies were without guidance and without See also:

plan. He ransacked his father's shelves, dipped into a multitude of books, read what was interesting, and passed over what was dull An See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary lad would have acquired little or no useful knowledge in such a way; but much that was dull to ordinary lads was interesting to Samuel. He read little See also:

Greek; for his proficiency in that See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language was not such that he could take much See also:

PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure in the masters of See also:

ATTIC (i.e. "in the Attic style ")

Attic See also:

POETRY

poetry and eloquence. But he had left school a See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good Latinist, and he soon acquired an extensive knowledge of Latin literature. He was peculiarlyF attracted by the See also:

WORKS

works of the great restorers of learning. Once, while searching for some apples, he found a huge See also:

FOLIO (properly the ablative case of the Lat. folium, leaf, but also frequently an adaptation of the Ital. foglio)

folio See also:

VOLUME

volume of See also:

PETRARCH (1304-1374)

Petrarch's works.

The name excited his curiosity, and he eagerly devoured hundreds of pages. Indeed, the diction and versification of his own Latin compositions show that he had paid at least as much See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to See also:

MODERN

modern copies from the See also:

ANTIQUE (Lat. antiquus, old)

antique as to the See also:

ORIGINAL

original See also:

MODELS

models. While he was thus irregularly educating himself, his See also:

FAMILY

family was sinking into hopeless poverty. Old See also:

Michael Johnson was much better qualified to See also:

PORE

pore over books, and to talk about them, than to See also:

trade in them. His business declined; his debts increased; it was with difficulty that the daily expenses of his See also:

HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household were defrayed. It was out of his See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to support his son at either university; but a wealthy See also:

NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour offered assistance; and, in reliance on promises which proved to be of very little value, Samuel was entered at See also:

Pembroke College, See also:

Oxford. When the See also:

young scholar presented himself to the rulers of that society, they were amazed not more by his ungainly figure and See also:

ECCENTRIC (from Gr. F,c, out of, and Kivrpov, centre)

eccentric See also:

MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners than by the quantity of extensive and curious See also:

INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information which he had picked up during many months of desultory but not unprofitable study. On the first day of his See also:

RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence he surprised his teachers by quoting See also:

MACROBIUS, AMBROSIUS THEODOSIUS

Macrobius; and one of the most learned among them declared that he had never known a fresh-man of equal attainments. At Oxford Johnson resided barely over two years, possibly less. He was poor, even to raggedness; and his See also:

APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance excited a mirth and a pity which were equally intolerable to his haughty spirit. He was driven from the quadrangle of See also:

Christ See also:

Church by the sneering looks which the members of that aristocratical society See also:

CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast at the holes in his shoes. Some charitable See also:

PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person placed a new pair at his See also:

DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door; but he spurned them away where he became the professional See also:

ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate of See also:

LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther See also:

Martin, William See also:

PINKNEY, WILLIAM (1764–1822)

Pinkney and See also:

Roger B.

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