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JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 472 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHNSON, See also:SIR See also:WILLIAM (1715–1774) , See also:British soldier and , See also:American See also:pioneer, was See also:born in Smithtown, See also:County See also:Meath, Ire-See also:land, in 1715, the son of See also:Christopher Johnson, a See also:country See also:gentle-See also:man. As a boy he was educated for a commercial career, but in 1738 he removed to See also:America for the purpose of managing a See also:tract of land in the See also:Mohawk Valley, New See also:York, belonging to his See also:uncle, See also:Admiral Sir See also:Peter See also:Warren (1703-1752). He established himself on the See also:south See also:bank of the Mohawk See also:river, about 25 M. W. of See also:Schenectady. Before 1743 he removed to the See also:north See also:side of the river. The new See also:settlement prospered from the start, and a valuable See also:trade was built up with the See also:Indians, over whom Johnson exercised an immense See also:influence. The Mohawks adopted him and elected him a sachem. In 1744 he was appointed by See also:Governor See also:George See also:Clinton (d. 1761) See also:superintendent of the affairs of the Six Nations (See also:Iroquois). In 1746 he was made See also:commissary of the See also:province for See also:Indian affairs, and was influential in enlisting and equipping the Six Nations for participation in the warfare with See also:French See also:Canada, two years later (1948) being placed in command of a See also:line of outposts on the New York frontier. The See also:peace of See also:Aix-la-Chapelle put a stop to offensive operations, which he had begun. In May 1750 by royal See also:appointment he became a member for See also:life of the governor's See also:council, and in the same See also:year he resigned the See also:post of superintendent of Indian affairs.

In 1754 he was one of the New York delegates to the inter-colonial See also:

convention at See also:Albany, N.Y. In 1755 See also:General See also:Edward See also:Braddock, the See also:commander of the British forces in America, commissioned him See also:major-general, in which capacity he directed the expedition against See also:Crown Point, and in See also:September defeated the French and Indians under See also:Baron See also:Ludwig A. Dieskau (1701–1767) at the See also:battle of See also:Lake George, where he himself was wounded. For this success he received the thanks of See also:parliament, and was created a See also:baronet (See also:November 1755). From See also:July 1756 until his See also:death he was " See also:sole superintendent of the Six Nations and other See also:Northern Indians." He took See also:part in General See also:James See also:Abercrombie's disastrous See also:campaign against See also:Ticonderoga (1758), and in 1759 he was second in command in General See also:John Prideaux's expedition against Fort See also:Niagara, succeeding to the See also:chief command on that officer's death, and capturing the fort. In 1760 he was with General See also:Jeffrey See also:Amherst (1717–1797) at the See also:capture of See also:Montreal. As a See also:reward for his services the See also:king granted him a tract of See also:Ioo,000 acres of land north of the Mohawk river. It was due to his influence that the Iroquois refused to join See also:Pontiac in his See also:conspiracy, and he was instrumental in arranging the treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768. After the See also:war Sir William retired to his estates, where, on the site of the See also:present See also:Johnstown, he built his See also:residence, Johnson See also:Hall, and lived in all the See also:style of an See also:English baron. He devoted himself to colonizing his extensive lands, and is said to have been the first to introduce See also:sheep and See also:blood horses into the province. He died at Johnstown, N.Y., on the 11th of July 1774. In 1739 Johnson had married See also:Catherine Wisenberg, by whom he had three See also:children.

After her death he had various mistresses, including a niece of the Indian chief Hendrick, and Molly See also:

Brant, a See also:sister of the famous chief See also:Joseph Brant. His son, SIR JOHN JOHNSON (1742–1830), who was knighted in 1765 and succeeded to the baronetcy on his See also:father's death, took part in the French and Indian War and in the border warfare during the War of See also:Independence, organizing a loyalist See also:regiment known as the " See also:Queen's Royal Greens," which he led at the battle of See also:Oriskany and in the raids (1778 and 178o) on See also:Cherry Valley and in the Mohawk Valley. He was also one of the See also:officers of the force defeated by General John See also:Sullivan in the engagement at See also:Newtown (See also:Elmira), N.Y., on the 29th of See also:August 1779. He was made brigadier-general of provincial troops in 1782. His estates had been confiscated, and after the war he lived in Canada, where he held from 1791 until his death the See also:office of superintendent-general of Indian affairs for British North America. He received L45,000 from the British See also:government for his losses. Sir William's See also:nephew, See also:GuY JOHNSON (1740-1788), succeeded his uncle as superintendent of Indian affairs in 1774, and served in the French and Indian War and, on the British side, in the War of Independence. See W. L. See also:Stone, Life of Sir William Johnson (2 vols., 1865) ; W. E. Griffis, Sir William Johnson and the Six Nations (1891) in " Makers of America " See also:series; See also:Augustus C.

See also:

Buell, Sir William Johnson (1903) in " Historic Lives Series "; and J. See also:Watts De Peyster, " The Life of Sir John Johnson, See also:Bart.," in The Orderly See also:Book of Sir John Johnson during the Oriskany Campaign, 7776-1777, annotated by William L. Stone (1882).

End of Article: JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)

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