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SULLIVAN, JOHN (1740–1795)

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 57 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SULLIVAN, See also:JOHN (1740–1795) , See also:American soldier and See also:political See also:leader, was See also:born in See also:Somersworth, New See also:Hampshire, on the 18th of See also:February 1740. He studied See also:law in See also:Portsmouth, N.H., and practised at See also:Berwick, See also:Maine, and at See also:Durham, N.H. He was a member of the New Hampshire Provincial See also:Assembly in 1774, and in 1774–1775 was a delegate to the See also:Continental See also:Congress. In 1772 he had been commissioned a See also:major of New Hampshire See also:militia, and on the 15th of See also:December 1774 he and John See also:Langdon led an expedition which captured Fort See also:William and See also:Mary at New See also:Castle. Sullivan was appointed a brigadier-See also:general in the Continental See also:army in See also:June 1775 and a major-general in See also:August 1776. He commanded a See also:brigade in the See also:siege of See also:Boston. In June 1776 he took command of the American army in See also:Canada and after an unsuccessful skirmish with the See also:British at Three See also:Rivers (June 8) retreated to See also:Crown Point. Rejoining Washing-ton's army, he served under General See also:Israel See also:Putnam in the See also:battle of See also:Long See also:Island (August 27) and was taken prisoner. Released on See also:parole, he See also:bore a verbal See also:message from See also:Lord See also:Howe to the Continental Congress, which led to the fruitless See also:conference on Staten Island. In December he was exchanged, succeeded General See also:Charles See also:Lee in command of the right wing of See also:Washington's army, in the battle of Trenton led an attack on the Hessians, and led a See also:night attack against British and See also:Loyalists on Staten Island, on the 22nd of August 1777. In the battle of See also:Brandywine (See also:Sept. 1777) he again commanded the American right; he took See also:part in the battle of See also:Germantown (Oct.

4, 1777); in See also:

March 1778 he was placed in command in Rhode Island, and in the following summer plans were made for his co-operation with the See also:French See also:fleet under See also:Count d'See also:Estaing in an attack on See also:Newport, which came to nothing. Sullivan after a brief engagement (Aug. 29) at Quaker See also:Hill, at the N. end of the island of Rhode Island, was obliged to See also:retreat. In 1779 Sullivan, with about 4000 men, defeated the See also:Iroquois and their Loyalist See also:allies at New-See also:town (now See also:Elmira), New See also:York, on the 29th of August, burned their villages, and destroyed their orchards and crops. Although severely criticised for his conduct of the expedition, he received, in See also:October 1779, the thanks of Congress. In See also:November he resigned from the army. Sullivan was again a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1780–1781 and, having accepted a See also:loan from the French See also:minister, See also:Chevalier de la Luzerne, he was charged with being influenced by the French in voting not to make the right to the See also:north-See also:east See also:fisheries a See also:condition of See also:peace. From 1782 to 1785 he was See also:attorney-general of New Hampshire. He was See also:president of the See also:state in 1786–1787 and in 1789, and in 1786 suppressed an insurrection at See also:Exeter immediately pre-ceding the See also:Shays See also:Rebellion in See also:Massachusetts. He presided over the New Hampshire See also:convention which ratified the Federal constitution in June 1788. From 1789 until his See also:death at Durham, on the 23rd of See also:January 1795, he was See also:United States See also:District See also:Judge for New Hampshire. See O.

W. B. See also:

Peabody " See also:Life of John Sullivan " in Jared See also:Sparks's Library of American See also:Biography, vol. iii. (Boston, 1844) ; T. C. See also:Amory, General John Sullivan, A Vindication of his See also:Character as a Soldier and a Patriot (Morrisania, N.Y., 1867); John Scales, " See also:Master John Sullivan of Somersworth and Berwick and his Famity," in the Proceedings of the New Hampshire See also:Historical Society, vol. iv. (See also:Concord, 1906) ; and See also:Journals of the Military Expedition of Major-General John Sullivan against the Six Nations of See also:Indians (See also:Auburn, N. Y., 1887).

End of Article: SULLIVAN, JOHN (1740–1795)

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