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LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 360 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LEE, See also:ARTHUR (1740–1792) , See also:American diplomatist, See also:brother of See also:Richard See also:Henry Lee, was See also:born at See also:Stratford, Westmoreland See also:county, See also:Virginia, on the loth of See also:December 1740. He was educated at See also:Eton, studied See also:medicine at See also:Edinburgh, practised as a physician in See also:Williamsburg, Virginia, read See also:law at the See also:Temple, See also:London, in 1766–1770, and practised law in London in 1770–1776. He was an intimate of See also:John Wilkes, whom he aided in one of his London See also:campaigns. In 1770–1775 he served as London See also:agent for See also:Massachusetts, second to See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin, whom he succeeded in 1775. At that See also:time he had shown See also:great ability as a pamphleteer, having published in London The See also:Monitor (1768), seven essays previously printed in Virginia; The See also:Political Detection: or the Treachery and Tyranny of See also:Administration, both at See also:Home and Abroad (1770), signed " See also:Junius Americanus "; and An See also:Appeal to the See also:Justice and Interests of the See also:People of Great See also:Britain in the See also:Present Disputes with See also:America (1774), signed " An Old Member of See also:Parliament." In December 1775 the See also:Committee of See also:Secret See also:Correspondence of See also:Congress See also:chose him its See also:European agent principally for the purpose of ascertaining the views of See also:France, See also:Spain, and other European countries regarding the See also:war between the colonies and Great Britain. In See also:October 1776 he was appointed, upon the refusal of See also:Jefferson, on the See also:commission with Franklin and See also:Silas See also:Deane to negotiate a treaty of See also:alliance, amity and See also:commerce with France, and also to negotiate with other European governments. His letters to Congress, in which he expressed his suspicion of Deane's business integrity and criticized his accounts, resulted in Deane's recall; and other letters impaired the confidence of Congress in Franklin, of whom he was especially jealous. See also:Early in 1777 he went to Spain as American See also:commissioner, but received no See also:official recognition, was not permitted to proceed farther than See also:Burgos, and accomplished nothing; until the See also:appointment of See also:Jay, however, he continued to See also:act as commissioner to Spain, held various conferences with the See also:Spanish See also:minister in See also:Paris, and in See also:January 1778 secured a promise of a See also:loan of 3,000,000 livres, only a small See also:part of which (some 170,000 livres) was paid. In See also:June 1777 he went to See also:Berlin, where, as in Spain, he was not officially recognized. Although he had little to do with the negotiations, he signed with Franklin and Deane in See also:February 1778 the See also:treaties between the See also:United States and France. Having become unpopular at the courts of France and Spain, Lee was recalled in 1774, and returned to the United States in See also:September 1780. He was a member of the Virginia See also:House of Delegates in 1781 and a delegate to the See also:Continental Congress in 1782–1785.

With See also:

Oliver See also:Wolcott and Richard See also:Butler he negotiated a treaty with the Six Nations, signed at Fort Stanwix on the 22nd of October 1784,- and with See also:George See also:Clark and Richard Butler a treaty with the See also:Wyandot, See also:Delaware, Chippewa and See also:Ottawa See also:Indians, signed at Ft. McIntosh on the 21st of January 1785. He was a member of the See also:treasury See also:board in 1784–1789. He strongly opposed the constitution, and after its See also:adoption retired to his See also:estate at See also:Urbana, Virginia, where he died on the 12th of December 1792• See R. H. Lee, See also:Life of Arthur Lee (2 vols., See also:Boston, 1829), and C. H. Lee, A Vindication of Arthur Lee (See also:Richmond, Virginia, 1894), both See also:partisan. Much of Lee's correspondence is to be found in See also:Wharton's Revolutionary See also:Diplomatic Correspondence (See also:Washington, 1889). Eight volumes of Lee's See also:MSS, in the Harvard University Library are described and listed in Library of Harvard University, See also:Bibliographical Contributions, No. 8 (See also:Cambridge, 1882).

End of Article: LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)

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