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DEANE, SILAS (1737-1789)

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 898 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DEANE, See also:SILAS (1737-1789) , See also:American diplomat, was See also:born in Groton, See also:Connecticut, on the 24th of See also:December 1737. He graduated at Yale in 1758 and in 1761 was admitted to the See also:bar, but instead of practising became a See also:merchant at See also:Wethersfield, See also:Conn. He took an active See also:part in the movements in Connecticut preceding the See also:War of See also:Independence, and from 1774 to 1776 was a delegate from Connecticut to the See also:Continental See also:Congress. See also:Early in 1776 he was sent to See also:France by Congress, in a semi-See also:official capacity, as a See also:secret See also:agent to induce the See also:French See also:government to lend its See also:financial aid to the colonies. Subsequently he became, with See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin and See also:Arthur See also:Lee, one of the regularly accredited commissioners to France from Congress. On arriving in See also:Paris, Deane at once opened negotiations with See also:Vergennes and See also:Beaumarchais, securing through the latter the shipment of many See also:vessel loads of arms and munitions of war to See also:America. He also enlisted the services of a number of Continental soldiers of See also:fortune, among whom were See also:Lafayette, See also:Baron Johann De See also:Kalb and See also:Thomas See also:Conway. His carelessness in keeping See also:account of his receipts and expenditures, and the See also:differences between himself and Arthur Lee regarding the contracts with Beaumarchais, eventually led, in See also:November 1777, to his recall to See also:face charges, of which Lee's complaints formed the basis. Before returning to America, however; he signed on the 6th of See also:February 1778 the See also:treaties of amity and See also:commerce and of See also:alliance which he and the other commissioners had successfully negotiated. In America he was defended by See also:John See also:Jay and John See also:Adams, and after stating his See also:case to Congress was allowed to return to Paris (1781) to See also:settle his affairs. Differences with various French officials led to his retirement to See also:Holland, where he remained until after the treaty of See also:peace had been signed, when he settled in See also:England. The publication of some " intercepted " letters in See also:Rivington's Royal See also:Gazette in New See also:York (1781), in which Deane declared his belief that the struggle for independence was hopeless and counselled a return to See also:British See also:allegiance, aroused such animosity against him in America that for some years he remained in England.

He died on shipboard in See also:

Deal See also:harbour, England, on the 23rd of See also:September 1789 after having embarked for America on a See also:Boston packet. No See also:evidence 'of his dishonesty was ever discovered, and Congress recognized the validity of his claims by voting $37,000 to his heirs in 1842. He published his See also:defence in An Address to the See also:Free and See also:Independent Citizens of the See also:United States of See also:North America (See also:Hartford, Conn., and See also:London, 1784). The See also:Correspondence of Silas Deane was published in the Connecticut See also:Historical Society's Collections, vol. H.; and The Deane Papers, in 5 vols., in the New York Historical Society's Collections (1887-189o). See also See also:Winsor's Narrative and See also:Critical See also:History, vol. vii. See also:chap. i., and See also:Wharton's Revolutionary See also:Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States (6 vols., See also:Washington, 1889).

End of Article: DEANE, SILAS (1737-1789)

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