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See also:BAR, See also:CONFEDERATION OF , a famous confederation of the See also:Polish nobles and gentry formed at the little fortress of Bar in See also:Podolia in 1768 to defend the See also:internal and See also:external See also:independence of See also:Poland against the aggressions of the See also:Russian See also:government as represented by her representative at See also:Warsaw, See also:Prince See also:Nicholas See also:Repnin. The originators of this confederation were See also:Adam Krasinski, See also:bishop of Kamenets, Osip Pulawski and See also:Michael Krasinski. See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Stanislaus was at first inclined to mediate between the confederates and See also:Russia; but finding this impossible, sent a force against them under the See also:grand See also:hetman Ksawery Branicki and two generals, who captured Bar. Nevertheless, a simultaneous outbreak of a See also:jacquerie in Little-Russia contributed to the See also:extension of the confederation throughout the eastern See also:province of Poland and even in Lithuania. The See also:con-federates, thereupon, appealed for help abroad and contributed to bring about a See also:war between Russia and See also:Turkey. So serious indeed was the situation that See also:Frederick II. advised See also:Catherine to come to terms with the confederates. Their bands under Ignaty Malchewsky, Michael Pac and Prince See also:Charles Radziwill ravaged the See also:land in every direction, won several engagements over the Russians, and at last, utterly ignoring the king, sent envoys on their own See also:account to the See also:principal See also:European See also:powers. In 1770 the See also:Council of the Confederation was transferred from its See also:original seat in See also:Silesia to See also:Hungary, from whence it conducted See also:diplomatic negotiations with See also:France, See also:Austria and Turkey with the view of forming a See also:league against Russia. The See also:court of See also:Versailles sent See also:Dumouriez to See also:act as See also:commander-in-See also:chief of the confederates, but neither as a soldier nor as a politician did this adroit adventurer particularly distinguish himself, and his account of his experiences is very unfair to the confederates. Among other blunders, he pronounced King Stanislaus a See also:tyrant and a traitor at the very moment when he was about to accede to the Confederation. The king thereupon reverted to the Russian See also:faction and the Confederation lost the confidence of See also:Europe. Nevertheless, its See also:army, thoroughly reorganized by Dumouriez, gallantly maintained the hopeless struggle for some years, and it was not till 1776 that the last traces of it disappeared.
See See also:Alexander Kraushar, Prince Repnin in Poland (Pol.) (Warsaw, 1900); F. A. Thesby de Belcour, The Confederates of Bar (Pol.) (See also:Cracow, 1895) ; Charles See also:Francois Dumouriez, Memoires et See also:correspondence (See also:Paris, 1834). (R. N.
End of Article: BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
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