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BURGOS , the See also:capital formerly of Old See also:Castile, and since 1833 of the See also:Spanish See also:province of Burgos, on the See also:river Arlanzon, and on the See also:Northern See also:railways from See also:Madrid to the See also:French frontier. Pop. (woo) 30,167. Burgos, in the See also:form of an See also:amphitheatre, occupies the See also:lower slopes of a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill crowned by the ruins of an See also:ancient citadel. It faces the Arlanzon, a broad and See also:swift stream, with several islands in See also:mid-channel. Three See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:bridges See also:lead to the suburb of La See also:Vega, on the opposite See also:bank. On all sides, except up the See also:castle hill, See also:fine avenues and public gardens are laid out, notably the Paseo de la See also:Isla, extending along the river to the See also:west. Burgos itself was originally surrounded by a See also:wall, of which few fragments remain; but although its streets and broad squares, such as the central Plaza See also:Mayor, or Plaza de la Constitucion, have often quite a See also:modern See also:appearance, the See also:city retains much of its picturesque See also:character, owing to the number and beauty of its churches, convents and palaces. Unaffected by the See also:industrial activity of the neighbouring Basque Provinces, it has little See also:trade apart from the See also:sale of agricultural produce and the manufacture of See also:paper and leathern goods.
But it is See also:rich in architectural and antiquarian See also:interest. The citadel was founded in 884 by Diego See also:Rodriguez Porcelos, See also:count of Castile; in the loth See also:century it was held against the See also:kings of See also:Leon by Count Fernan Gonzalez, a mighty See also:warrior; and even in 1812 it was successfully defended by a French See also:garrison against See also:Lord See also:Wellington and his See also:British troops. Within its walls the Spanish See also:national See also:hero, the See also:Cid Campeador, was wedded to Ximena of See also:Oviedo in 1074; and See also:Prince See also:Edward of See also:England (afterwards See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King Edward I.) to Eleanor of Castile in 1254. Statues of Porcelos, Gonzalez and the Cid, of Nuno Rasura and Lain See also:Calvo, the first elected magistrates of Burgos, during its brief See also:period of republican See also:rule in the loth century, and of the See also:emperor See also:Charles V., adorn the massive Arco de See also:Santa Maria, which was erected between 1536 and 1562, and commemorates the return of the citizens to their See also:allegiance, after the See also:rebellion against Charles V. had been crushed in 1522. The interior of this See also:arch serves as a museum. Tradition still points to the site of the Cid's birthplace; and a reliquary preserved in the See also:town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall contains his bones, and those of Ximena, brought hither after many changes, including a partial transference to See also:Sigmaringen in See also:Germany.
Other noteworthy buildings in Burgos are the See also:late 15th century Casa del See also:Cordon, occupied by the See also:captain-See also:general of Old Castile; the Casa de See also:Miranda, which worthily represents the best domestic See also:architecture of See also:Spain in the 16th century; and the See also:barracks, hospitals and See also:schools. Burgos is the see of an See also:archbishop, whose province comprises the See also:diocese of See also:Palencia, See also:Pamplona, See also:Santander and See also:Tudela. The See also:cathedral, founded in 1221 by See also:Ferdinand III. of Castile and the See also:English See also:bishop See also:Maurice of Burgos, is a fine example of florid See also:Gothic, built of See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:lime-stone (see ARCHITECTURE, See also:Plate II. fig. 65). It was not completed until 1567, and the architects principally responsible for its construction were a Frenchman in the 13th century and a See also:German in the 15th. Its cruciform See also:design is almost hidden by the fifteen chapels added at all angles to the aisles and transepts, by the beautiful 14th-century See also:cloister on the See also:north-west and the archiepiscopal See also:palace on the See also:south-west. Over the three central doorways of the See also:main or western See also:facade rise two lofty and graceful towers. Many of the monuments within the cathedral are of considerable See also:artistic and See also:historical interest. The See also:chapel of Corpus Christi contains the See also:chest which the Cid is said to have filled with See also:sand and subsequently pawned for a large sum to the credulous See also:Jews of Burgos. The See also:legend adds that he redeemed his See also:pledge. In the aisleless Gothic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of Santa Agueda, or Santa Gadea, tradition relates that the Cidcompelled See also:Alphonso VI. of Leon, before his See also:accession to the See also:throne of Castile in 1072, to swear that he was See also:innocent of the See also:murder of Sancho his See also:brother and predecessor on the throne. See also:San Esteban, completed between 128o and 1350, and San See also:Nicolas, dating from 1505, are small Gothic churches, each with a fine sculptured See also:doorway. Many of the convents of Burgos have been destroyed, and those which survive See also:lie chiefly outside the city. At the end of the Pasco de la Isla stands the nunnery of Santa Maria la Real de See also:las Huelgas, originally a summer palace (huelga, " See also:pleasure-ground ") of the kings of Castile. In 1187 it was transformed into a Cistercian See also:convent by Alphonso VIII., who invested the See also:abbess with almost royal prerogatives, including the See also:power of See also:life and See also:death, and See also:absolute rule over more than fifty villages. Alphonso and his wife Eleanor, daughter of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II. of England, are buried here. The Cartuja de Miraflores, a Carthusian convent, founded by See also:John II. of Castile (1406–1454), lies 2 M. south-See also:east of Burgos. Its church contains a See also:monument of exceptional beauty, carved by Gil de Siloe in the 15th century, for the See also:tomb of John and his second wife, See also:Isabella of See also:Portugal. The convent of San Pedro de Cardena, 7M. south-east of Burgos, was the See also:original See also:burial-See also:place of the' Cid, in 1099, and of Ximena, in 1104. About 50 M. from the city is the See also:abbey of Silos, which appears to have been founded under the Visigothic kings, as See also:early as the 6th century. It was restored in 919 by Fernan Gonzalez, and in the 11th century became celebrated throughout See also:Europe, under the rule of St See also:Dominic or Domingo.
It was reoccupied in 188o by French See also:Benedictine monks.
The known See also:history of Burgos begins in 884 with the See also:foundation of the citadel. From that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time forward it steadily increased in importance, reaching the height of its prosperity in the 15th century, when, alternately with See also:Toledo, it was occupied as a royal See also:residence, but rapidly declining when the See also:court was finally removed to Madrid in 156o. Being on one of the See also:principal military roads of the See also:kingdom, it suffered severely during the See also:Peninsular See also:War. In 18o8 it was the See also:scene of the defeat of the Spanish See also:army by the French under See also:Marshal See also:Soult. It was unsuccessfully besieged by Wellington in 1812, but was surrendered to him at the opening of the See also:campaign of the following See also:year.
Of the extensive literature See also:relating to Burgos, much remains unedited and in See also:manuscript. A general description of the city and its monuments is given by A. Llacayo y Santa Maria in Burgos, £rc. (Burgos, 1889). See also Architectural, Sculptural and Picturesque Studies in Burgos and its Neighbourhood, a valuable See also:series of architectural drawings in See also:folio, by J. B. Waring (See also:London, 1852). The following are monographs on particular buildings :—Historia de la Catedral de Burgos, Pc., by P. Orcajo (Burgos, 1856) ; El See also:Castillo de Burgos, by E. de See also:Oliver-Copons (See also:Barcelona, 1893) ; La Real Cartuja de Miraflores, by F. Tarin y Juaneda (Burgos, 1896). For the history of the city see En Burgos, by V. See also:Balaguer (Burgos, 1895) ; Burgos en las comunidades de Castilla and Cosas de la vieja Burgos, both by A. Salva (Burgos, 1895 and 1892). The folowing relate both to the city and to the province of Burgos:—Burgos, £ac., by R. Amador de los Rios, in the series entitled Espaiaa (Barcelona, 1888) ; Burgos y su provincia, anon. (See also:Vitoria, 1898) ; Intento de un diccionario biogrdfico y bibliogrdfico de autores de la prov. de Burgos, by M. Anibarro and M. See also:Rives (Madrid, 189o).
End of Article: BURGOS
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