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See also:FERDINAND (See also:COLOGNE) 269
manded one of the Prussian columns which converged upon See also:Dresden, and in the operations which led up to the surrender of the Saxon See also:army at See also:Pirna (1756), and at the See also:battle of Lobositz, he led the right wing of the Prussian See also:infantry. In 1757 he was See also:present, and distinguished himself, at See also:Prague, and he served also in the See also:campaign of See also:Rossbach. Shortly after this he was appointed to command the allied forces which were being organized for the See also:war in western See also:Germany. He found this army dejected by a See also:reverse and a See also:capitulation, yet within a See also:week of his taking up the command he assumed the offensive, and thus began the career of victory which made his See also:European reputation as a soldier. His conduct of the five See also:campaigns which followed (see SEVEN YEARS' WAR) was naturally influenced by the teachings of See also:Frederick, whose See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil the See also:duke had been for so many years. Ferdinand, indeed, approximated more closely to Frederick in his method of making war than any other See also:general of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. Yet his task was in many respects far more difficult than that of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. Frederick was the See also:absolute See also:master of his own homogeneous army, Ferdinand merely the See also:commander of a See also:group of contingents, and answerable to several princes for the troops placed under his See also:control. The See also:French were by no means despicable opponents in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field, and their leaders, if not of the first grade, were cool and experienced veterans. In 1758 he fought and won the battle of See also:Crefeld, several See also:marches beyond the See also:Rhine; but so advanced a position he could not well maintain, and he See also:fell back to the See also:Lippe. He resumed a bold offensive in 1759, only to be repulsed at See also:Bergen (near See also:Frankfort-on-See also:Main). On the 1st of See also:August of this See also:year Ferdinand won the brilliant victory of See also:Minden (q.v.). Vellinghausen, Wilhelmsthal, War-See also:burg and other victories attested the increasing See also:power of Ferdinand in the following campaigns, and Frederick, hard pressed in the eastern See also:theatre of war, owed much of his success in an almost hopeless task to the continued pressure exerted by Ferdinand in the See also:west. In promoting him to be a field See also:marshal (See also:November 1758) Frederick acknowledged his See also:debt in the words, " Je n'ai fait que ce que je dois, mon See also:cher Ferdinand." After Minden, King See also:George II. gave the duke the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the Garter, and the thanks of the See also:British See also:parliament were voted on the same occasion to the " See also:Victor of Minden." After the war he was honoured by other sovereigns, and he received the See also:rank of field marshal and a See also:regiment from the Austrians. During the War of See also:American See also:Independence there was a See also:suggestion, which came to nothing, of offering him the command of the British forces. He exerted himself to compensate those who had suffered by the Seven Years' War, devoting to this purpose most of the small income he received from his various offices and the rewards given to him by the allied princes. The estrangement of Frederick and Ferdinand in 1766 led to the duke's retirement from Prussian service, but there was no open See also:breach between the old See also:friends, and Ferdinand visited the king in 1772, 1777, 1779 and 1782. After 1766 he passed the See also:remainder of his See also:life at his See also:castle of Veschelde, where he occupied himself in See also:building and other improvements, and became a See also:patron of learning and See also:art, and a See also:great benefactor of the poor. He died on the 3rd of See also:July 1792. The merits, See also:civil and military, of the See also:prince were recognized by memorials not only in See also:Prussia and See also:Hanover, but also in See also:Denmark, the states of western Germany and See also:England. The Prussian memorials include an equestrian statue at See also:Berlin (1863).
See E. v. L. Knesebeck, Ferdinand, See also:Herzog von Braunschweig and See also:Luneburg, wahrend See also:des Siebenjahrigen Kriegs (2 vols., Hanover, 1857-1858) ; Von Westphalen, Geschichte der Feldziige des Herzogs Ferdinands von Braunschweig-Luneburg (5 vols., Berlin, 1859-1872); v. d. Osten, Tagebuch des Herzogl. Gen. Adjutanten v. Reden (See also:Hamburg, 18o5) ; v. Schafer, See also:Vie militaire du marechal Prince Ferdinand (See also:Magdeburg, 1796; See also:Nuremberg, 1798) ; also the (Euvres of Frederick the Great, passim, and authorities for the SEVEN YEARS' WAR.
End of Article: FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
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