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REVERSE See also:FRAME Enlarged See also:Section through C D . y 1 1 1 R merA a I^ an N See also:PLATE Lan \\\,\\\\\l!/\O\\\\OQ\\\\\\\\\ Ua" i s^y' tarM\\\\\\\\\\\`ff\\\\~\\\\\\~MIMa\\O\\\ l IL .`ib\ NM` . Enlarged Section through A B. See also:shewing scarfed corner of Plate M. 000 000 • 00° oEi •o;i p; of o 1 00000° ! !' o oil ;o;; 4o i ° 0 0 0 0 of „'sIRAPPEp See also:BUTT a' Outside! Strake, u 000 0001 jl o 00 00 to o,i 0 0 0 0 0loi o , R0 o' to i. _; _ O .o"000 ;o° o oo•,00000,See also:Ioo"o00;740.o'-oi°o h"`a` o00-;Io000oi,o0000:..000 0 0 0 O O.10 0 0 0 0 !01:0 0 0 0 0 ,0110 0 0 0 0'0110:0 0.0 °,1011 0 0 0 0 0 iO,10 TZo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01° • 0 0 0 I t 00 o!; of ]01{ ot 4000 00°30,; i0; of o 000000l !' t ,c •PLAT! L 0I' O It000 00 0;1 lo'l t0” .O OG 00 RAPPf~ T it 04 oil '00000`0i°` BuT Inside trak@. ° • I000000l io;i o 0 0I 0!1 0;: 00 00 od Rol (o;: o pF i io 0 0 000= J ',; k I• 1.O! O'. 0000 oli' °" oil oil fj 0 0 0 Oi; 0 0 0 9gO io; o O O ~~ • O O 0 0 ,011 0'; o OO 0:01:0 0 0 o o 1: o o O O O lo :o 0 O o o ;o;; 0 0 0 0 , ,p-O o 19.0.0 :O-," O b O-' '"•__-_iO„O - .._% O O ~ O O Q O, OHO .O~ 0 O.O.,OF_O 'O --- -O I.O 0 0-O 000; d i °i' 0001 I 1 ivp'; PLAff M :C bOol-D . PLATS q: M ( n fah °II ° o o o o: toiln Outside i0:' Strake. 4, 0 0 0: '; - f 0001 i3O• to R I o o oi- .APFEp See also:sun ti ,l Ol OI 0, O 000 101 O •01! -------0 b o o. o 0 o 0.' OoQQb o 00OoOt ooOo0 ,Oo000,;,OooOlO 0Oo00;O-Oo0 0 0 0 91010 0 0 0 0 " 6.0 _0 -o 0 I, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 See also:i00 0 0 0 0 .0ff; 0 O O 0 O t010 0 0 0 0:0 0 0 0 0 10 1 1t0J1 001 FOi: O;I 0 O O '0 !; ~l See also:toll Inside o9 Strake, jo,j urPEo Tr~ 0 0: 000 1° to' i°,i o 0 0 See also:Cranes . are to be found in these yards for the purpose. As an example mention may be made of the overhead cranes fitted at the See also:Union Ironworks of See also:San Francisco. A framework of See also:wood is built up over the entire See also:building See also:berth, the structure being well braced in all directions for carrying two travelling girder cranes. There are four building berths fitted in this manner, and the latest has a length of 408 ft., a clear breadth of 8o ft., and clear height of 72 ft. A See also:swing See also:crane of 50 ft. spread at each end of the erection increases its effective length to 500 ft. Each of the travelling girders carries a trolley, with See also:motion transverse to the See also:ship; five tons can be so lifted, and parts of the ship's structure not exceeding this See also:weight can be taken from the ground anywhere in the neighbourhood of the structure and conveyed to any desired spot in the ship. The See also:driving See also:power is electric. The See also:longitudinal travel of the girders is 18o ft. per See also:minute; the transverse travel of the trolley last two of See also:steel. The largest is 700 ft. See also:long. One trestle structure, or and See also:speed of lift, each 90 ft. per minute. A See also:manila rope is used for I gantry, serves two building berths, and runs longitudinally between AIL PRAMS loll Ol, c .. marked upon them before they are taken to the See also:machines where arranged, being on the See also:cantilever travelling-crane principle. There the shearing, punching, drilling, shaping, &c., are carried out, after I are five such structures in the yard; three of them are wood, the which they are taken to their proper position in the ship. _ ~See also:Im In many shipyards See also:great See also:attention has been given E Section shewing See also:Ordinary Type of Plating See also:alp to the questions of the economical handling of the o material,and very costly and novel appliances Section shewing, Joggled Plating. Section shewing boggled Frames. the two. On the gantry is mounted a See also:double cantilever crane, having an effective reach of 95 ft. on each See also:side of the centre; this outreach is sufficient for a ship 7o ft. broad on each side of the trestle. The height of the cantilever above the ground is some 90 ft., the load that can be raised is 15 tons, and if necessary a bulkhead up to that weight can be lifted bodily into See also:place. The speed of lift for this weight is ioo ft. per minute, and for lighter loads 700 ft. per minute. The speed of the trolley along the cantilever is 400 to 800 ft. per minute, and of the whole crane longitudinally is 400 to 700 ft. per minute. All movements are made by electric power. Similar gantries and arrangements are used in other See also:American shipyards. The view shown in fig. 8o (Plate VIII.) represents one of these structures as fitted in Messrs See also:Cramp's shipyard in See also:Philadelphia. At the yard of Messrs C. S. See also:Swan & See also:Hunter, on the See also:Tyne, similar structures have been erected since 1894; besides carrying cranes, these have See also:standards and stiffening girders, from which See also:ships under construction are shored for fairing. See also:Roofs and sides are fitted to protect the ship, and the workmen engaged in building her, from the See also:weather. The side supports are three in number, and serve for two berths; they are formed of steel lattice-See also:work, with standards mostly 20 ft. apart. The clear height of roof is 83 ft., and clear breadth of berths 68 ft. and 73 ft.; a roadway on the ground level is See also:left See also:free on each side of the berths inside the standards. Two revolving 3-ton electric cranes travel along paths suspended from each roof ; their jibs have sufficient See also:radius to lift material from the roadways and See also:deposit it at the centre of the ships building. The longitudinal speed of these cranes is 300 ft. per minute; speed of lift, ioo ft. per minute. A third berth is served by a travelling cantilever crane on See also:top of the adjoining roof. At Messrs See also:Harland & See also:Wolff's yard at See also:Belfast another modification was introduced in 1897 (see fig. 81, Plate VIII.). In this See also:case the structure takes the See also:form of a travelling gantry or See also:bridge over the building berth, the legs See also:running on rails at the ground level. The gantry, which is driven by See also:hydraulic power, has three traversing cranes and four 4-ton swing cranes. It was designed to facilitate the lifting of plates and portions of the structure into position, and also to support the hydraulic riveting machines and other appliances for the carrying out of the work. The success of the appliances, first used in the " Oceanic," has led to a further See also:extension for other ships in See also:hand. 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