Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

TOLL (etymologically, that which is n...

Online Encyclopedia

Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 1053 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.

Encyclopedia Home :: THE-TOO

Spread the word:

del.icio.us it!

See also:

TOLL (etymologically, that which is numbered or counted; from a See also:
COMMON
common See also:
TEUTONIC
TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES
Teutonic See also:
FORM (Lat. forma)
form, cf. " See also:
TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)
tale," " tell ") , a sum of See also:

MONEY

money paid for the use and enjoyment of a See also:

PRIVILEGE

privilege or See also:

ADVANTAGE

advantage. In See also:

England it is now usually a sum of money; but formerly tolls in See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind were frequent. Among the sins of the See also:

Miller in See also:

CHAUCER, GEOFFREY (? 1340-1400)

Chaucer's See also:

PROLOGUE (from Gr. 7rpo, before, and Myer, a word)

Prologue is that he could " tollen thryes," in that he was See also:

CLEVER

clever enough and See also:

ROGUE

rogue enough to subtract thrice the legal See also:

ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance from the See also:

corn he ground. In a See also:

note to the See also:

Heart of Midlothian, See also:

Scott asserts that the name of Lockman given in Old Scots to the hangman was because he was entitled to take a See also:

lock or fixed toll out of every See also:

BOLL

boll of See also:

MEAL

meal exposed in the See also:

MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market for See also:

sale. An See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of 1796 for the regulation of See also:

mills, substituting a money See also:

PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment for tolls of corn in kind taken by millers, makes an exception for tolls taken by See also:

CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom in See also:

SOKE (0. Eng. soc, connected ultimately with secan, to seek)

soke mills. The Weights and See also:

MEASURES

Measures Act 1878 enacts that all tolls are to be charged and collected according to imperial weights and measures. The word " toll " in See also:

early times had various meanings, thus it is defined by Glanville as the See also:

LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty of buying and selling in one's own See also:

LAND

land: " tol, quod nos vocamus theloneum, scilicet libertatem emendi et vendendi in terra sua. It also signified the right to be See also:

FREE

free of toll, but this implies a more See also:

general signification of the See also:

TERM

term, the right to take and the thing so taken. It formed the most obvious source of See also:

revenue in the early See also:

ENGLISH

English boroughs; goods coming to market or passing through the See also:

borough paid toll, to this extent the practice still exists in various See also:

EUROPEAN

European countries under the name of See also:

OCTROI (0. Fr. octroyer, to grant, authorize; Lat. auctor)

octroi (q.v.). Private lords also levied tolls, but these in no See also:

case were levied theoretically at See also:

PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure, all ultimately depending upon some real or feigned See also:

grant from the See also:

CROWN

Crown. Imposts by the Crown are more properly taxes, though the name was frequently used, as in maletote, an arbitrary and vexatious See also:

IMPOST (through the O. Fr. from Lat. impositum, a thing laid upon another; the modern French is impot)

impost levied till See also:

EDWARD

Edward III.'s See also:

time, usually on See also:

WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool.

Such payments might bring freedom from other exactions. We learn from Domesday See also:

BOOK

Book that the men of See also:

Dover who paid the .See also:

king's dues there were quit of toll throughout all England. Many subsequent charters granted the like, or even greater immunities from toll to favoured folk. In See also:

MODERN

modern English See also:

law toll is either an incident of a See also:

FRANCHISE (from 0. Fr. franchise, freedom, franc, free)

franchise, as of a market or See also:

FAIR

fair, or is See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent of franchise. In the latter case it is claimed by See also:

PRESCRIPTION

prescription, as toll See also:

TRAVERSE

traverse or toll thorough, or is created by act of See also:

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament, as in the case of turnpikes, See also:

RAILWAYS

railways, harbours, navigable See also:

rivers and canals. Toll traverse is paid for passing over a private way, See also:

BRIDGE

bridge or See also:

ferry. No See also:

CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration need be proved. Toll thorough is paid for the use of a See also:

HIGHWAY

highway. In this case, if charged by a private See also:

PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, some consideration, such as repair of the highway, must be shown, as such a toll is against common right. At common law a toll must be reasonable. The same principle appears in various acts of parliament. The See also:

STATUTE

Statute of See also:

Westminster the First inflicts a See also:

PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty for taking excessive toll.

The Railway Clauses Act 1845 provides for the equality of tolls, that is, that all persons and classes of goods shall in like circumstances be treated alike as to charges. A right of See also:

DISTRESS

distress is incident to the right to toll, but the distress cannot be sold unless an act of parliament expressly authorizes the sale. Tolls are not rateable, unless they are appurtenant to land. Exemption from tolls may be claimed by the See also:

PREROGATIVE

prerogative, by grant or prescription, or by act of parliament. The king and See also:

queen See also:

CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort pay no toll, and the Crown may grant to another exemption from toll. See also:

TURNPIKE

Turnpike tolls, bridge money and See also:

CAUSEWAY

causeway See also:

MAIL

mail were abolished in See also:

Scotland by the Roads and See also:

Bridges Act 1878 as from the 1st of See also:

JUNE

June 1883. In England tolls on roads and bridges are now only payable in a few places. In the See also:

UNITED

United States tolls are a subject for See also:

state legislation, unless they affect the whole See also:

COMMONWEALTH

commonwealth, when they are dealt with by acts of See also:

CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress. A See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city may See also:

levy reasonable tolls in a market established by itself. A shunpike, or road constructed to facilitate evasion of tolls on a turnpike road, may be closed by See also:

INJUNCTION (from Lat. injungere, to fasten, or attach to, to lay a burden or charge on, to enjoin)

injunction. The question of tolls was at one time an important one in inter-See also:

NATIONAL

national law. Tolls were exacted on certain straits and tidal rivers by virtue of the See also:

SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty of a particular state.

Notable instances were the See also:

SCHELDT (Fr. Escaut, Flem. Schelde)

Scheldt tolls and the See also:

Sound dues levied by See also:

Denmark. These last were justified as a return for the See also:

LIGHTS, CEREMONIAL USE OF

lights maintained on the See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast and the terror to pirates inspired by the See also:

castle of See also:

ELSINORE (Dan. Helsingor)

Elsinore. In 1659, owing to the united efforts of England, See also:

France and See also:

Holland, an unvarying See also:

RATE

rate was arranged. See See also:

POLLOCK

Pollock and See also:

Maitland, See also:

HISTORY

History of English Law (1895); See also:

PEASE, EDWARD (1767–1858)

Pease and See also:

CHITTY, SIR JOSEPH WILLIAM (1828-1899)

Chitty, Markets and Fairs (1899) ; See also:

Cunningham, Growth of English See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

Industry and See also:

Commerce (1903).

End of Article: TOLL (etymologically, that which is numbered or counted; from a common Teutonic form, cf. " tale," " tell ")

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
TOLFA

[next]
TOLL, JOHAN KRISTOFFER, COUNT (1743-1817)