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MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805...

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 910 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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MAURICE, See also:
JOHN
JOHN (1167–1216)
JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
JOHN (1296-1346)
JOHN (1371–1419)
JOHN (1468-1532)
JOHN (1801-1873)
JOHN (Heb. llni')
JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
JOHN, THE APOSTLE
JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF
JOHN See also:
FREDERICK
FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)
FREDERICK See also:
DENISON
DENISON, GEORGE ANTHONY (1805-1896)
DENISON, GEORGE TAYLOR (1839- )
DENISON (1805-1872) , See also:

ENGLISH

English theologian, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Normanston, See also:

Suffolk, on the 29th of See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, 18o5. He was the son of a Unitarian See also:

MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, and entered Trinity See also:

COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

Cambridge, in 1823, though it was then impossible for any but members of the Established See also:

Church to obtain a degree. Together with John See also:

Sterling (with whom he founded the Apostles' See also:

CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club) he migrated to Trinity See also:

Hall, whence he obtained a first class in See also:

CIVIL

civil See also:

law in 1827; he then came to See also:

LONDON

London, and gave himself to See also:

LITERARY

literary See also:

WORK

work, See also:

writing a novel, Eustace Conyers, and editing the London Literary See also:

CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle until 183o, and also for a See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

time the See also:

ATHENAEUM

Athenaeum. At this time he was much perplexed as to his religious opinions, and he ultimately found See also:

RELIEF

relief in a decision to take a further university course and to seek See also:

ANGLICAN

Anglican orders. Entering See also:

Exeter College, See also:

Oxford, he took a second class in See also:

CLASSICS

classics in 1831. He was ordained in 1834, and after a short curacy at Bubbenhall in See also:

WARWICKSHIRE

Warwickshire was appointed See also:

CHAPLAIN

chaplain of See also:

GUY, THOMAS (1644–1724)

Guy's See also:

HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Hospital, and became thenceforward a sensible See also:

FACTOR (from Lat. facere, to make or do)

factor in the intellectual and social See also:

LIFE

life of London. From 1839 to 1841 Maurice was editor of the See also:

EDUCATION

Education See also:

MAGAZINE

Magazine. In 1840 he was appointed See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of English See also:

HISTORY

history and literature in See also:

King's College, and to this See also:

POST

post in 1846 was added the See also:

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of divinity. In 1845 he was See also:

Boyle lecturer and See also:

Warburton lecturer. These chairs he held till 1853. In that See also:

YEAR

year he published Theological Essays, wherein were stated opinions which savoured to the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal, Dr R. W.

Jelf, and to the See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, of unsound See also:

THEOLOGY

theology in regard to eternal See also:

PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment. He had previously been called on to clear himself from charges of heterodoxy brought against him in the Quarterly See also:

REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review (1851), and had been acquitted by a See also:

COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of inquiry. Now again he maintained with See also:

GREAT

great warmth of conviction that his- views were in See also:

close accordance with Scripture and the Anglican See also:

STANDARDS

standards, but the council, without specifying any distinct " See also:

HERESY

heresy " and declining to submit the See also:

case to the See also:

JUDGMENT

judgment of competent theologians, ruled otherwise, and he was deprived of his professorships. He held at the same time the chaplaincy of See also:

Lincoln's See also:

Inn, for which he had resigned Guy's (1846-186c), but when he offered to resign this the benchers refused. Nor was he assailed in the incumbency of St. See also:

Peter's, See also:

Vere See also:

Street, which he held for nine years (1860-1869), and where he See also:

drew See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round him a circle of thoughtful See also:

PEOPLE

people. During the See also:

early years of this See also:

period he was engaged in a hot and See also:

BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter controversy with H. L. See also:

MANSEL, HENRY LONGUEVILLE (1820-1871)

Mansel (afterwards See also:

dean of St See also:

Paul's), arising out of the latter's See also:

BAMPTON, JOHN (c. 169o-1751)

Bampton lecture upon See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason and See also:

REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation. During his See also:

RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in London Maurice was specially identified with two important movements for education. He helped to found See also:

Queen's College for the education of See also:

WOMEN

women (1848), and the Working Men's College (1854), of which he was the first principal. He strongly advocated the abolition of university tests (18J3), and threw himself with great See also:

ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy into all that affected the social life of the people.

Certain abortive attempts at co-operation among working men, and the See also:

MOVEMENT

movement known as See also:

Christian See also:

SOCIALISM

Socialism, were the immediate outcome of his teaching. In 1866 Maurice was appointed professor of moral See also:

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at Cambridge, and from 187o to 1872 was See also:

INCUMBENT (from Lat. incumbere, to lean, lie upon)

incumbent of St See also:

EDWARD

Edward's in that See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city. He died on the 1st of See also:

APRIL

April 1872. He was twice married, first to See also:

Anna See also:

Barton, a See also:

SISTER

sister of John Sterling's wife, secondly to a See also:

HALF

half-sister of his friend See also:

ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

Archdeacon See also:

Hare. His son See also:

Major-See also:

General See also:

Sir J. Frederick Maurice (b. 1841), became a distinguished soldier and one of the most prominent military writers of his time. Those who knew Maurice best were deeply impressed with the spirituality of his See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character. " Whenever he woke in the See also:

NIGHT

night," says his wife, " he was always praying." See also:

Charles See also:

Kingsley called him " the most beautiful human soul whom See also:

God has ever allowed me to meet with." As regards his intellectual attainments we may set See also:

JULIUS

Julius Hare's See also:

VERDICT (O. Fr. verdit, Lat. vere dictum, truly said, used in Late Latin in one word with its present significance)

verdict " the greatest mind since See also:

PLATO

Plato " over against See also:

RUSKIN, JOHN (1819-1goo)

Ruskin's " by nature See also:

PUZZLE

puzzle-headed and indeed wrong-headed." Such contradictory impressions bespeak a life made up of contradictory elements. Maurice was a See also:

man ofpeace, yet his life was spent in a See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of conflicts; of deep humility, yet so polemical that he often seemed biased; of large charity, yet bitter in his attack upon the religious See also:

PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press of his time; a loyal churchman who detested the See also:

LABEL (a French word, now represented by lambeau, possibly a variant; it is of obscure origin and may be connected with a Teutonic word appearing in the English " lap," a flap or fold)

label " Broad," yet poured out See also:

criticism upon the leaders of the Church. With an intense capacity for visualizing the unseen, and a kindly dignity, he combined a large sense of See also:

HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour. While most of the " Broad Churchmen " were influenced by ethical and emotional considerations in their repudiation of the See also:

DOGMA (Gr. Sbypa, from b6aeiv, to seem; literally " that which seems, sc. good or true or useful " to any one)

dogma of See also:

EVERLASTING, or IMMORTELLE

everlasting torment, he was swayed by purely intellectual and theological arguments, and in questions of a more general See also:

LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty he often opposed the proposed Liberal theologians, though he as often took their See also:

side if he saw them hard pressed.

He had a wide metaphysical and philosophical knowledge which he applied to the history of theology. He was a strenuous See also:

ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of ecclesiastical See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control in elementary education, and an opponent of the new school of higher biblical criticism, though so far an evolutionist as to believe in growth and development as applied to the history of nations. As a preacher, his See also:

MESSAGE (a word occurring in slightly different forms in several languages, e.g. Fr. message, Span. mensaje, Ital. messagio; adapted from the Low Lat. missaticum, from mittere)

message was apparently See also:

SIMPLE

simple; his two great convictions were the fatherhood of God, and that all religious systems which had any stability lasted because of a portion of truth which had to be disentangled from the See also:

ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error differentiating them from the doctrines of the Church of See also:

England as understood by himself. His love to God as his See also:

FATHER

Father was a passionate See also:

ADORATION (Lat. ad, to, and os, mouth; i.e. " carrying to one's mouth ")

adoration which filled his whole See also:

heart. The prophetic, even apocalyptic, See also:

note of his See also:

PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching was particularly impressive. He prophesied in London as See also:

Isaiah prophesied to the little towns of See also:

PALESTINE

Palestine and See also:

SYRIA

Syria, " often with dark foreboding, but seeing through all unrest and convulsion the working out of a sure divine purpose." Both at King's College and at Cambridge Maurice gathered round him a See also:

BAND

band of See also:

EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest students, to whom he directly taught much that was valuable See also:

DRAWN

drawn from wide stores of his own See also:

READING

reading, wide rather than deep, for he never was, strictly speaking, a learned man. Still more did he encourage the See also:

HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of inquiry and See also:

RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, more valuable than his See also:

DIRECT

direct teaching. In his Socratic See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of convincing his pupils of their See also:

IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

ignorance he did more than perhaps any other man of his time to awaken in those who came under his sway the See also:

DESIRE

desire for knowledge and the See also:

PROCESS

process of See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent thought. As a social reformer, Maurice was before his time, and gave his eager support to schemes for which the See also:

WORLD

world was not ready. From an early period of his life in London the See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the poor pressed upon him with consuming force; the enormous magnitude of the social questions involved was a See also:

BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden which he could hardly See also:

bear. For many years he was the clergyman whom working men of all opinions seemed to See also:

TRUST

trust even if their faith in other religious men and all religious systems had faded, and he had a marvellous power of attracting the zealot and the outcast. His See also:

WORKS

works See also:

COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover nearly 40 volumes, often obscure, often tautological, and with no great distinction of See also:

style.

But their high purpose and philosophical outlook give his writings a permanent See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the history of the thought of his time. The following are the more important works—some of them were rewritten and in a measure recast, and the date given is not necessarily that of the first See also:

APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of the See also:

BOOK

book, but of its more See also:

COMPLETE

complete and abiding See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form: Eustace See also:

Conway, or the See also:

BROTHER

Brother and Sister, a novel (1834) ; The See also:

KINGDOM

Kingdom of See also:

Christ (1842) ; ; See also:

CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

Christmas See also:

Day and Other Sermons (1843) ; The Unity of the New Testament (1844) ; The See also:

EPISTLE

Epistle to the See also:

HEBREWS, EPISTLE TO THE

Hebrews (1846) ; The Religions of the World (1847) ; Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy (at first an See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in the See also:

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, 1848) ; The Church a See also:

FAMILY

Family (185o); The Old Testament (1851); Theological Essays (1853); The Prophets and See also:

KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings of the Old Testament (185,3); Lectures on Ecclesiastical History (1854); The See also:

DOCTRINE

Doctrine of See also:

SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

Sacrifice (1854); The Patriarchs and Lawgivers of the Old Testament (1855); The Epistles of St John (1857) ; The Commandments as See also:

INSTRUMENTS

Instruments of See also:

NATIONAL

National See also:

Reformation (1866) ; On the See also:

GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel of St See also:

Luke (1868) ; The See also:

Conscience: Lectures on See also:

CASUISTRY (from the Lat. casus, a point of law)

Casuistry (1868); The See also:

Lord's See also:

Prayer, a See also:

MANUAL

Manual (187o). The greater See also:

PART

part of these works were first delivered as sermons or lectures. Maurice also contributed many pre-faces and introductions to the works of See also:

friends, as to Archdeacon Hare's Charges, Kingsley's See also:

SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint's Tragedy, &c. See Life by his son (2 vols., London, 1884), and a monograph by C. F. G. Masterman (1907) in " See also:

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

Leader of the Church " series; W. E. See also:

Collins in Typical English Churchmen, pp. 327-360 (1902), and T. See also:

Hughes in The Friendship of Books (1873).

End of Article: MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

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