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DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 579 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DREW, See also:SAMUEL (1765-1833) , See also:English theologian, was See also:born in the See also:parish of St Austell, in See also:Cornwall, on the 6th of See also:March 1765. His See also:father was a poor See also:farm labourer, and could not afford to 'send him to school See also:long enough even to learn to read and write. At ten he was apprenticed to a shoemaker, and at twenty he settled in the See also:town of St Austell, first as manager for a shoemaker, and in 1787 began business on his own See also:account. He had already gained a reputation in his narrow circle as a keen debater and a jovial See also:companion, and it is said that he had several See also:smuggling adventures. He was first aroused to serious thought in 1785 by a funeral See also:sermon preached over his See also:elder See also:brother by See also:Adam See also:Clarke. He joined the Methodists, was soon employed as a class See also:leader and See also:local preacher, and continued to preach till a few months before his See also:death. His opportunities of gaining knowledge were very scanty, but he strenuously set himself to make the most of them. It is stated that an accidental introduction to See also:Locke's See also:great See also:essay determined the ultimate direction of his studies. In 1798 the first See also:part of See also:Thomas See also:Paine's See also:Age of See also:Reason was put into his hands; and in the following See also:year he made his first See also:appearance as an author by See also:publishing his Remarks on that See also:work. The See also:book was favourably received, and was republished in 1820. Drew had begun to meditate a greater See also:attempt before he wrote his Remarks on Paine; and, encouraged by the See also:antiquary See also:John See also:Whitaker, he published his Essay on the Immateriality and See also:Immortality of the Soul in 18o2. This work made the " Cornish metaphysician," as he was called, widely known, and for some See also:time it held a high See also:place in the See also:judgment of the religious See also:world as a conclusive See also:argument on its subject.

A fifth edition appeared in 1831. Drew continued to work at his See also:

trade till 1805, when he entered into an engagement with Dr Thomas See also:Coke, a prominent Wesleyan See also:official, which enabled him to devote himself entirely to literature. In 1809 he published his Essay on the Identity and See also:General Resurrection of the Human See also:Body, perhaps the most See also:original of his See also:works, which reached a second edition in 1822. In 1814 he completed a See also:history of Cornwall begun by F. Hitchins. In 1819 he removed to See also:Liverpool, being appointed editor of the Imperial See also:Magazine, then newly established, and in 1821 to See also:London, the business being then transferred to the See also:capital. Here he filled the See also:post of editor till his death, and had also the supervision of all works issued from the See also:Caxton See also:Press. He was an unsuccessful competitor for the See also:Burnett See also:prize offered in 1811 for an essay on the existence and attributes of See also:God. The work which he then wrote, and which in his own judgment was his best, was published in 1820, under the See also:title of An Attempt to demonstrate from Reason and See also:Revelation the Necessary Existence, Essential Perfections, and Superintending See also:Providence of an Eternal Being, who is the Creator, the Supporter, and the See also:Governor of all Things (2 vols. 8 vo). This procured him the degree of M.A. from the university of See also:Aberdeen. Among Drew's lesser writings are a See also:Life of Dr Thomas Coke (1817), and a work on the deity of See also:Christ (1813).

He died at See also:

Helston in Cornwall on the 29th of March 1833. He was a See also:man of strong mind, See also:honourable spirit and affectionate disposition, energetic both in speech and in See also:writing.

End of Article: DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

Additional information and Comments

Your website is beautiful, informative and Excellant. Article by M.P. Bhattathiri, Retired Chief Technical Examiner , to The Govt. of Kerala. Humble request that it may be published in your website and magazine after editing if necessary. The American justice Dept. have recently approved the power of yoga and meditation vide a recent judgement in the American court for a better family life.."Man Who Slapped Wife Sentenced to Yoga, It's Anger Management, Says Judge." First there was house arrest. Now there's yoga. A judge ordered a man convicted of slapping his wife to take a yoga class as part of his one-year probation. "It's part of anger management," County Criminal Court at Law Judge Larry Standley said of the ancient Hindu philosophy of exercise and well-being. "For people who are into it, it really calms them down. " Standley, a former prosecutor, said the case of James Lee Cross was unique. Cross, a 53-year-old car salesman from Tomball, explained that his wife was struggling with a substance abuse problem and that he struck her on New Year's Eve during an argument about her drinking. "He was trying to get a hold of her because she has a problem," Standley said after the court hearing. "I thought this would help him realize that he only has control over himself." The sentence came as a surprise to Cross, who was told to enroll in a class and report back to Standley on his progress. "I'm not very familiar with it," Cross said of yoga. "From what I understand, it may help in a couple ways, not only as far as mentally settling, but maybe a little weight loss." Darla Magee, an instructor at Yoga Body Houston in River Oaks, said she would recommend that Cross take a basic yoga class emphasizing breathing and including a variety of postures -- forward bends, back bends and twists. "Yoga can help us to get rid of many emotional issues we might have," she said. "It's a spiritual cleanse." Prosecutor Lincoln Goodwin agreed to a sentence of probation without jail time because Cross had no significant criminal history http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/metropolitan/2365341 Yoga which is one of the greatest Indian co tribution to the world has got vast potential in all fields. In Tihar jail India Yoga is experimented among the inamtes and found successful. Their criminal mentality is changed. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Vipassana Meditation (VM) on Quality of Life (QOL), Subjective Well-Being (SWB), and Criminal Propensity (CP) among inmates of Tihar Jail, Delhi. To this effect the following hypotheses were formulated. 1. There will be a significant positive effect of VM on the QOL of inmates of Tihar jail. 2. VM will have a positive and significant effect on SWB of inmates. 3. Criminal propensity (CP) of inmates will decrease significantly after attending the VM course. 4. There will be significant difference in SWB and CP of experimental (Vipassana) group and control (non-Vipassana) group. 5. Male and female inmates will differ significantly in SWB and CP, as a result of VM. In the famous "Time" magazine the importance meditation and yoga, an ancient Indian system, is high-lighted that the ancient mind- and spirit-enhancing art is becoming increasingly popular and gaining medical legitimacy. It is a multi billion dollar business in US. In many Universities it is accepted as subject and included in the Syllabus. In the latest famous book "Inspire! What Great Leaders Do" written by Mr.Lance Secretan recently published by John Wiley and sons, the benefit of meditation is elaborately described for good corporate governance. By practising transcendental meditation, or TM, many people have got relief from back pain, neck pain, depression. The mind calms and quiets, . What thoughts you have during meditation become clearer, more focused. Anger, anxiety and worries give way to a peace. In the world exhorbitant medical expeneses one can definitely make use of meditation. Maharshi Mahesh Yogi and Sri Ravi Sankar are poplarising this. The Iyengar Yoga institute in US is famous. In Bhagavad Gita Lord Krishna has inspired Arjuna to rise from his depression by preaching Gita in the battlefield and to rise from the depression to do his duties. In Holy Gita we can see, being hidden by the cosmic overview of any institution beset with myriad problems, not the least of which is its lack of moral probity, there is a groundswell of educated people seeking answers to deeply personal but universally asked questions. Chie Executives taking lessons from yoga, meditation and learning how to deal with human resources equations in an enlightened manner. Individuals from every walk of life can get ideas of how to be better human beings, more balanced and less stressed out. Medical studies continue to show regular meditation working magic in reducing blood pressure and stress-related illnesses, including heart disease. Brain images show that regular meditation helps calm the most active sensory-assaulted parts of the brain. The ancient Hindu sage Patanjali who had mastered the secrets of the human mind has written a book "Yogasutra".In this book we can see how super powers can be achieved by meditation. It has both cosmic relevance and cosmic resonance. In spite of its universal appeal, for most people total control of mind remains an elusive goal and daunting task. From time immemorial, there have been many attempts throughout the world to unlock the mysteries of the mind and to achieve total control over it through a variety of techniques. One of the most powerful of these techniques is meditation. Many spiritual leaders, sages, saints, and holy people such asSri. Buddha, Sri Ramakrishna, Madam Sarada Devi, and Swami Vivekananda have practised this. One of the ways to control physiological reactions to psychological stimuli is meditation, Yoga, Zen Buddhism etc. The scientists take Transcendental Meditation (TM) as the uniform technique, and base their observations on the study of the subjects engaged in this form of meditation. In summing up the results the scientists have come to conclusion that the effect of meditation is a "wakeful, hypo-metabolic state". They have found that: 1) Yogis could slow both heart rate and rate of respiration, 2) Yogis could slow the rate of metabolism as confirmed by decreased oxygen consumption and carbon-di-oxide output. 3) Electro-Encephalo-Gram (EEG - recording of brain activity) in Yogis showed changes of calmness in the form of "alpha rhythm" during both eyes closed and eyes open recordings. 4) Th ir skin resistance to electric stimulation was increased (indicating increased tolerance to external stimuli). Our usual 'defence-alarm' reaction to emotional and physical stress is in the form of "fright, flight, and fight" mediated through over-secretion of certain neuro-transmitters and neuro-modulators, namely adrenaline and dopamine by way of stimulation of sympathetic nervous system. Under the influence of these chemicals and hormones, we reflexively become panicky or aggressive, our blood pressure rises. Thus stress and anxiety is the end result if we allow our natural age-old sympathetic reactions to act and to come to surface. We try to run away, become fearful, or fight the situation. But today these 'defence-alarm' reactions have no place in our lives. Rather, they should be replaced by more calm and serene reactions of equanimity and fearlessness. The need is to just 'face the brute, and it will go away'. Such desirable reactions of non-aggression and peaceful attitude are generated by Y ga and meditation. EEG Studies on Yogis and The Zen Meditations: Yogis practising Raja-Yoga claim that during the state of samadhi they are oblivious to the internal and external stimuli, and they enjoy a calm ecstasy during that state. A study was undertaken to record the electrical activity of their brain during this state by means of a regular and useful test known as electroencephalography EEG. Physiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that the basis of conscious state of brain, among other things, is due to activation of "reticular system" in the brain-stem in response to internal and external stimuli. These stimuli bring about various changes during sleeping and wakeful states of the organism and these can be studied by EEG. The study was carried out on four subjects during the state of concentration and meditation. Effects of external stimuli, like a loud gong, strong light, thermal simulation, and vibrations were studied. The results were compiled and analyzed. It was observed that two Yogis could keep their hands immersed in extremely cold water for about 50 minutes (raised pain threshold). During state of meditation, all of them showed persistent "alpha activity" in their EEG with increased amplitude wave pattern, both during 'eyes closed' and 'eyes open' recording. It was observed that these alpha activities could not be blocked by various sensory stimuli during meditation. It was also observed that those, who had well-marked "alpha activity" in their resting EEG showed greater aptitude and zeal for maintaining the practice of Yoga. Similar observations and results were obtained when EEGs were recorded in persons adept in Zen Meditative technique. Can we say that only those persons who exhibit such recording of "alpha wave rhythm" in their EEG are fit for Yoga? and be designated as right candidates for meditation and Yoga practices? (Such experiments are indeed very few and the number of yogis examined is also very small. Therefore, scientifically and statistic lly these observations have only a tentative importance. Further research is definitely called for, albeit it will have its own limitations.) Let me bow to Indian Maharishi Patanjali with folded hands who helped in removing the impurities of the mind through his writings on Yoga, impurities of speech through his writings on grammer, and impurities of body through his writings on Ayurveda. It is said that in the unknown period of Lord Jesus Christ , He was under meditation. Ref. Yoga magazines Newyork times Time magazine
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