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See also:ABERDEEN, See also:GEORGE See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
HAMILTON See also:GORDON, 4TH See also:EARL of (1784-186o), See also:English statesman, was the eldest son of George Gordon, See also:Lord Haddo, by his wife See also:Charlotte, daughter of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Baird of Newbyth, See also:Haddingtonshire, and See also:grandson of George, 3rd earl of Aberdeen. See also:Born in See also:Edinburgh on the 28th of See also:January 1784, he lost his See also:father in 1791 and his See also:mother in 1795; and as his grandfather regarded him with indifference, he went to reside with See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Dundas, afterwards See also:Viscount See also:Melville. At the See also:age of fourteen he was permitted by Scotch See also:law to name his own curators, or guardians, and selecting William See also:Pitt and Dundas for this See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office he spent much of his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time at their houses,, thus See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting many of the leading politicians of the See also:day. He was educated at See also:harrow, and St See also:John's See also:College, See also:Cambridge, where he graduated as a nobleman in 1804. Before this time, however, he had become earl of Aberdeen on his grandfather's See also:death in 18o,, 'and had travelled over a large See also:part of the See also:continent of See also:Europe, meeting on his journeys See also:Napoleon See also:Bonaparte and other persons of distinction. He also spent some time in See also:Greece, and on his return to See also:England founded the Athenian Society, member-See also:ship of which was confined to those who had travelled in that See also:country. Moreover, he wrote an See also:article in the Edinburgh See also:Review of See also:July 18o5 criticizing See also:Sir William Gill's See also:Topography of See also:Troy, and these circumstances led Lord See also:Byron to refer to him in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers as " the travell'd thane, Athenian Aberdeen." Having attained his See also:majority in 18os, he married on the 28th of July See also:Catherine See also:Elizabeth Hamilton, daughter of John See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James, 1st See also:marquess of See also:Abercorn. In See also:December 18o6 he was elected a representative peer for See also:Scotland, and took his seat as a Tory in the See also:House of Lords, but for some years he took only a slight part in public business. However, by his See also:birth, his abilities and his connexions alike he was marked out for a high position, and after the death of his wife in See also:February 1812 he was appointed See also:ambassador extraordinary and See also:minister plenipotentiary at See also:Vienna, where he signed the treaty of Toplitz between See also:Great See also:Britain and See also:Austria in See also:October 1813 ; and accompanying the See also:emperor See also:Francis I. through the subsequent See also:campaign against See also:France, he was See also:present at the See also:battle of See also:Leipzig, He was one of the See also:British representatives at the See also:congress of Chitillon in February 1814, and in the same capacity was present during the negotiations which led to the treaty of See also:Paris in the following May. Returning See also:home he was created a peer of the ITnited See also:Kingdom as Viscount Gordon of Aberdeen (1814), and made a member of the privy See also:council. On the 15th of July 1815 he married Harriet, daughter of the Hon. John See also:Douglas, and widow of James, Viscount Hamilton, and thus became doubly connected with the See also:family of the marquess of Abercorn.
During the ensuing thirteen years Aberdeen took a less prominent part in public affairs, although he succeeded in passing the See also:Entail (Scotland) See also:Act of 1825. He kept in See also:touch, however, with See also:foreign politics, and having refused to join the See also:ministry of George See also:Canning in 1827, became a member of the See also:cabinet of the See also:duke of See also:Wellington as See also:chancellor of the duchy of See also:Lancaster in January 1828. In the following See also:June he was transferred to the office of secretary of See also:state for foreign affairs, and having acquitted himself with See also:credit with regard to the See also:war between See also:Russia and See also:Turkey, and to affairs in Greece, See also:Portugal and France, he resigned with Wellington in See also:November 183o, and shared his See also:leader's attitude towards the Reform See also:Bill of 1832. As a Scotsman, Aberdeen was interested in the ecclesiastical controversy which culminatedin the disruption of 1843. In 184o he introduced a bill to See also:settle the vexed question of patronage; but disliked by a majority in the See also:general See also:assembly of the Scotch See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, and unsupported by the See also:government, it failed to become law, and some opprobriuir was See also:cast upon its author. In 1843 he brought forward a similar measure " to remove doubts respecting the See also:admission of ministers to benefices." This Admission to Benefices Act, as it was called, passed into law, but did not reconcile the opposing parties.
During the See also:short See also:administration of Sir See also:Robert See also:Peel in 1834 and 1835, Aberdeen had filled the office of secretary for the colonies, and in See also:September 1841 he took office again under Peel, on this occasion as foreign secretary; .the five years during which he held this position were the most fruitful and successful of his public See also:life. He owed his success to the confidence placed in him by See also:Queen See also:Victoria, to his wide knowledge of See also:European politics, to his intimate friendship with See also:Guizot, and not least to his own conciliatory disposition. Largely owing to his efforts, causes of See also:quarrel between Great Britain and France in See also:Tahiti, over the See also:marriage of See also:Isabella II. of See also:Spain, and in other directions, were removed. More important still were his services in settling the question of the boundary between the See also:United States and British See also:North See also:America at a time when a single in-judicious word would probably have provoked a war. In '1845 he supported Peel when in a divided cabinet he proposed to suspend the See also:duty on foreign See also:corn, and See also:left office with that minister in July 1846. After Peel's death in 185o he became the recognized leader of the Peelites, although since his resignation his See also:share in. public business had been confined to a few speeches on foreign affairs.
His dislike of the Ecclesiastical Titles See also:Assumption Bill, the rejection of which he failed to secure in 1851, prevented him from joining the government of Lord John See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell, or from forming an administration himself in this See also:year. In December 1852, however, be became first lord of the See also:treasury and See also:head of a See also:coalition ministry of Whigs and Peelites. Although united on See also:free See also:trade and in general onquestions of domestic reform, a cabinet which contained Lord See also:Palmerston and Lord John Russell, in addition to Aberdeen, was certain to differ on questions of foreign policy. The strong and masterful See also:character of these and other colleagues made the task of the See also:prime minister one of unusual difficulty, a fact which was recognized by contemporaries. See also:Charles Greville in his See also:Memoirs says, " In the present cabinet are five or six first-See also:rate men of equal, or nearly equal, pretensions, none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other, and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier "; and Sir ' James See also:Graham wrote, " It is a powerful team, but it will require See also:good See also:driving." The first year of office passed off successfully, and it was owing to the steady support of the prime minister that See also:Gladstone's great See also:budget of 1853 was accepted by the cabinet. This was followed by the outbreak of the dispute: between France and Turkey over the guardianship of the See also:holy places at See also:Jerusalem, which, after the See also:original cause of quarrel had''been forgotten, See also:developed into the See also:Crimean war. The tortuous negotiations which preceded the struggle need not- be discussed here, but in See also:defence of Aberdeen it may be said that he hoped and strove for See also:peace to the last. Rightly or wrongly, however, he held that Russell was indispensable to the cabinet, and that a resignation would precipitate war. His outlook, usually so clear, was blurred by these, considerations, and he lacked the strength to force the suggestions which he made in the autumn of 1853 ' upon his imperious colleagues. Palmerston., supported by Russell and well, served by Lord See also:Stratford de Redcliffe, British ambassador at See also:Constantinople, favoured a more aggressive policy, and Aberdeen, unable to See also:control Palmerston, and unwilling to let Russell go, cannot be exonerated from blame. When the war. began he wished to prosecute it vigorously; but the stories of misery and mismanagement from the seat of war deprived the ministry of public favour. Russell resigned; and on the 29th of January 1855 a See also:motion by J.
A. See also:Roebuck, far the See also:appointment of a select See also:committee to enquire into the See also:con-duct of the war, was carried in the House of See also:Commons by a
large majority. Treating this as a See also:vote of want of confidence Aberdeen at once resigned office, and the queen bestowed upon him the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the Garter. He smoothed the way for Palmerston to succeed him, and while the earl of See also:Clarendon remained at the foreign office he aided him with See also:advice and was consulted on matters of moment. He died in See also:London on the 14th of December 1860, and was buried in the. family vault at Stanmore. By his first wife he had one son and three daughters, all of whom predeceased their father. By his second wife, who died in See also:August 1833, he left four sons and one daughter. His eldest son, George John James, succeeded as 5th earl; his second son was General Sir See also:Alexander Hamilton-Gordon, K.C.B.; his third son was the See also:Reverend Douglas Hamilton-Gordon; and his youngest son See also:Arthur Hamilton, after holding various high offices under the See also:crown, was created See also:Baron Stanmore in 1893. Among the public offices held by the earl were those of lord-See also:lieutenant of See also:Aberdeenshire, See also:president of the society of Antiquaries from 1812 to 1846 and See also:fellow of the Royal Society.
Aberdeen was a distinguished See also:scholar with a retentive memory and a wide knowledge of literature and See also:art. His private life was exemplary, and he impressed his contemporaries with the loftiness of his character. His manner was reserved, and as a See also:speaker he was weighty rather than eloquent.
In public life he was remarkable for his generosity to his See also:political opponents, and for his sense of See also:justice and honesty. He did not, however, possess the qualities which impress the populace, and he -lacked the strength which is one of the essential gifts of a statesman. His character is perhaps best described by a writer who says " his strength was not equal to his goodness." His foreign policy was essentially one of peace and non-intervention, and in pursuing it he was accused of favouring the despotisms of Europe. Aberdeen was a See also:model landlord. By draining the See also:land, by planting millions of trees and by erecting numerous buildings, he greatly improved the See also:condition of his Aberdeenshire estates, and studied continually the welfare of his dependants. A bust of him by See also:Matthew See also:Noble is in See also:Westminster See also:Abbey, and his portrait was painted by Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:- LAWRENCE
- LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
- LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
- LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
- LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
- LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
- LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
- LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
- LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)
Lawrence. He wrote An Inquiry into the Principles of Beauty in Grecian See also:Architecture (London, 1822), and the See also:Correspondence of the Earl of Aberdeen has been printed privately under the direction of his son, Lord Stanmore.
The 6th earl, George (1841-1870), son of the 5th earl, was drowned at See also:sea, and was succeeded by his See also:brother John See also:- CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
- CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
- CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN
- CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
- CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
- CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
- CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)
Campbell Gordon, 7th earl of Aberdeen (b. 1847), a prominent Liberal politician, who was lord-lieutenant of See also:Ireland in 1886, See also:governor-general of See also:Canada 1893-1898, and again the lord-lieutenant of Ireland when Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman formed his ministry at the See also:close of 1905.
See Lord Stanmore, The Earl of Aberdeen (London, 1893) ; C. C. F.
Greville, Memoirs, edited by H. See also:Reeve (London, 1888) ; See also:Spencer See also:Walpole, See also:History of England (London, 1878–1886), and Life of Lord John Russell (London, 1889) ; A. W. See also:Kinglake, Invasion of the See also:Crimea (London, 1877–1888); Sir T. See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin, Life of the See also:Prince See also:Consort (London, 1875–1880) ; J. See also:Morley, Life of Gladstone (London, 1903). (A. W.
End of Article: ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL
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