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CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 436 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CLARENDON, See also:HENRY See also:HYDE . 2ND See also:EARL OF (1638-1709), See also:English statesman, eldest son of the first earl, was See also:born on the 2nd of See also:June 1638. He accompanied his parents into See also:exile andassisted his See also:father as secretary, returning with them in 1660. In 1661 he was returned to See also:parliament for See also:Wiltshire as See also:Lord Cornbury. He became secretary in 1662 and lord See also:chamberlain to the See also:queen in 1665. He took no See also:part in the See also:life of the See also:court, and on the dismissal of his father became a vehement opponent of the See also:administration, defended his father in the See also:impeachment, and subsequently made effective attacks upon See also:Buckingham and See also:Arlington. In 1674 he became earl of Clarendon by his father's See also:death, and in 1679 was made a privy councillor. He was not included' in See also:Sir W. See also:Temple's See also:council of that See also:year, but was reappointed in 1680. In 1682 he supported See also:Halifax's proposal of declaring See also:war on See also:France. On the See also:accession of See also:James in 1685 he was appointed lord privy See also:seal, but shortly afterwards, in See also:September, was removed from this See also:office to that of lord-See also:lieutenant of See also:Ireland. Clarendon was embarrassed in his See also:estate, and James required a willing See also:agent to carry out his See also:design by upsetting the See also:Protestant See also:government and the See also:Act of See also:Settlement.

Clarendon arrived in See also:

Dublin on the 9th of See also:January 1686. He found himself completely in the See also:power of Tyrconnel, the See also:commander-in-See also:chief; and though, like his father, a staunch Protestant, elected this year high steward of See also:Oxford University, and detesting the See also:king's policy, he obeyed his orders to introduce See also:Roman Catholics into the government and the See also:army and upon the See also:bench, and clung to office till after the dismissal of his See also:brother, the earl of See also:Rochester, in January 1687, when he was recalled and succeeded by Tyrconnel. He now supported the See also:church in its struggle with James, opposed the See also:Declaration of See also:Indulgence, wrote to See also:Mary an See also:account of the resistance of the bishops,' and visited and advised the latter in the See also:Tower. He had no See also:share, however, in inviting See also:William to See also:England. He assured James in September that the Church would be loyal, advised the calling of the parliament, and on the See also:desertion of his son, Lord Cornbury, to William on the 14th of See also:November, expressed to the king and queen the most poignant grief. In the council held on the 27th, however, he made a violent and unseasonable attack upon James's conduct, and on the 1st of See also:December set out to meet William, joined him on the 3rd at See also:Berwick near See also:Salisbury, and was See also:present at the See also:conference at See also:Hungerford on the 8th, and again at See also:Windsor on the 16th. His wish was apparently to effect some See also:compromise, saving the See also:crown for James. According to See also:Burnet, he advised sending James to See also:Breda, and according to the duchess of See also:Marlborough to the Tower, but he himself denies these statements? He opposed vehemently the settlement of the crown upon William and Mary, voted for the regency, and refused to take the oaths of the new sovereigns, remaining a non-juror for the See also:rest of his life. He subsequently retired to the See also:country, engaged in cabals against the government, associated himself with See also:Richard See also:Graham, Lord See also:Preston, and organizing a See also:plot against William, was arrested on the 24th of June 1690 by See also:order of his niece, Queen Mary, and placed in the Tower. Liberated on the 15th of See also:August, he immediately recommenced his intrigues. On Preston's See also:arrest on the 31st of December, a compromising See also:letter from Clarendon was found upon him, and he was named by Preston as one of his accomplices.

He was examined before the privy council and again imprisoned in the Tower on the 4th of January 2691, remaining in confinement till the 3rd of See also:

July. This closed his public career. In 1702, on Queen See also:Anne's accession, he presented himself at court, " to talk to his niece," but the queen refused to see him till he had taken the oaths. He died on the 31st of See also:October 1709, and was buried in See also:Westminster See also:Abbey. His public career had been neither distinguished nor useful, but it seems natural to ascribe its failure to small abilities and to the conflict between See also:personal ties and See also:political convictions which See also:drew him in opposite directions, rather than, following See also:Macaulay, to motives of self-See also:interest. He was a See also:man of some See also:literary See also:taste, a See also:fellow of the Royal Society (1684), the author of The See also:History and Antiquities of the See also:Cathedral Church of See also:Winchester . . . continued by S. See also:Gale (1715), and he collaborated with his brother Rochester in the publication of his father's History (1702-1704). He See also:list. See also:MSS. See also:Comm.: MSS. of the See also:Duke of See also:Buccleuch, ii. 31.

2 See also:

Correspondence and See also:Diary (1828), ii. 286. married (I) in 166o, See also:Theodosia, daughter of Lord See also:Capel, and (2) in 167o, See also:Flower, daughter of William Backhouse of Swallowfield in See also:Berkshire, and widow of William Bishopp and of Sir William Backhouse, See also:Bart. He was succeeded by his only son, See also:Edward (1661-1724), as 3rd earl of Clarendon; and, the latter having no surviving son, the See also:title passed to Henry, and earl of Rochester (1672-1753), at whose death without male heirs it became See also:extinct in the Hyde See also:line.

End of Article: CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE

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