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HYDE, THOMAS (1636-1703)

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 30 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HYDE, See also:THOMAS (1636-1703) , See also:English Orientalist, was See also:born at Billingsley, near See also:Bridgnorth, in See also:Shropshire, on the 29th of See also:June 1636. He inherited his See also:taste for linguistic studies, and received his first lessons in some of the Eastern See also:tongues, from his See also:father, who was See also:rector of the See also:parish. In his sixteenth See also:year Hyde entered See also:King's See also:College, Carnbridge, where, under Wheelock, See also:professor of Arabic, he made rapid progress in See also:Oriental See also:languages, so that, after only one year of See also:residence, he was invited to See also:London to assist See also:Brian See also:Walton in his edition of the See also:Polyglott See also:Bible. Besides correcting the Arabic, Persic and See also:Syriac texts for that See also:work, Hyde transcribed into Persic characters the See also:Persian See also:translation of the See also:Pentateuch, which had been printed in See also:Hebrew letters at See also:Constantinople in 1546. To this work, which See also:Arch-See also:bishop Ussher had thought well-nigh impossible even for a native of See also:Persia, Hyde appended the Latin version which accompanies it in the Polyglott. In 1658 he was chosen Hebrew reader at See also:Queen's College, See also:Oxford, and in 1659, in See also:consideration of his erudition in Oriental tongues, he was admitted to the degree of M.A. In the same year he was appointed under-keeper of the Bodleian Library, and in 1665 librarian-in-See also:chief. Next year he was collated to a prebend at See also:Salisbury, and in 1673 to the arch-deaconry of See also:Gloucester, receiving the degree of D.D. shortly afterwards. In 1691 the See also:death of See also:Edward See also:Pococke opened up to Hyde the Laudian professorship of Arabic; and in 1697, on the deprivation of See also:Roger Altham, he succeeded to 'the regius See also:chair of Hebrew and a canonry of See also:Christ See also:Church. Under See also:Charles II., See also:James II. and See also:William III. Hyde discharged the duties of Eastern interpreter to the See also:court. Worn out by his unremitting labours, he resigned his librarianship in 1701, and died at Oxford on the 18th of See also:February 1703.

Hyde, who was one of the first to See also:

direct See also:attention to the vast treasures of Oriental antiquity, was an excellent classical See also:scholar, and there was hardly an Eastern See also:tongue accessible to foreigners with which he was not See also:familiar. He had even acquired See also:Chinese, while his writings are the best testimony to his mastery of See also:Turkish, Arabic, Syriac, Persian, Hebrew and See also:Malay. In his chief work, Historia religionis veterum Persarum (1700), he made the first See also:attempt to correct from Oriental See also:sources the errors of the See also:Greek and See also:Roman historians who had described the See also:religion of the See also:ancient Persians. His other writings and See also:translations comprise Tabulae longitudinum et latitudinum stellarum fixarum ex observatione principis Ulugh Beighi (1665), to which his notes have given additional value; Quatuor evangelia et acta apostolorum lingua Malaica, caracteribus Europaeis (1677); Epistola de mensuris et ponderibus serum sive sinensium (1688), appended to See also:Bernard's De mensuris et ponderibus antiquis; See also:Abraham Peritsol itinera mundi (1691); and De ludis orientalibus libri II. (1694). With the exception of the Historia religionis, which was republished by See also:Hunt and Costard in 176o, the writings of Hyde, including some unpublished See also:MSS., were collected and printed by Dr See also:Gregory See also:Sharpe in 1767 under the See also:title Syntagma-dissertalionum quas olim.. . Thomas Hyde separatim edidit. There is a See also:life of the author pre-fixed. Hyde also published a See also:catalogue of the Bodleian Library in 1674.

End of Article: HYDE, THOMAS (1636-1703)

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