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See also:GLOUCESTER, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
THOMAS OF See also:WOODSTOCK, See also:DUKE of (1355-1397), seventh and youngest son of the See also:English See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king See also:Edward III., was See also:born at Woodstock on the 7th of See also:January 1355. Having married Eleanor (d. 1399), daughter and co-heiress of See also:Humphrey de See also:Bohun, See also:earl of See also:Hereford, See also:Essex and See also:Northampton (d. 1373), Thomas obtained the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of See also:- CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
- CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
- CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
- CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
- CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)
constable of See also:England, a position previously held by the Bohuns, and was made earl of See also:- BUCKINGHAM
- BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
- BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
- BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
- BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
- BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)
Buckingham by his See also:nephew, See also:Richard II., at the See also:coronation in See also:July 1377. He took See also:part in defending the English coasts against the attacks of the See also:French and Castilians, after which he led an See also:army through See also:northern and central See also:France, and besieged See also:Nantes, which See also:town, however, he failed to take.
Returning to England See also:early in 1381, Duckingham found that his See also:brother, See also:John of Gaunt, duke of See also:Lancaster, had married his wife's See also:sister, See also:Mary Bohun, to his own son, See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, afterwards King Henry IV. The relations between the See also:brothers, hitherto somewhat strained, were not improved by this proceeding, as Thomas, doubtless, was hoping to retain See also:possession of Mary's estates. Having taken some part in crushing the rising of the peasants in 1381, Buckingham became more friendly with Lancaster; and while marching with the king into See also:Scotland in 1385 was created duke of Gloucester, a See also:mark of favour, however, which did not prevent him from taking up an attitude of hostility to Richard. Lancaster having See also:left the See also:country, Gloucester placed himself at the See also:head of the party which disliked the royal advisers, See also:Michael de la See also:Pole, earl of See also:Suffolk and See also:Robert de See also:Vere, earl of See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, whose See also:recent See also:elevation to the dignity of duke of See also:Ireland had aroused profound discontent. The moment was propitious for interference, and supported by those who were indignant at the extravagance and incompetence, real or alleged, of the king, Gloucester was soon in a position of authority. He forced on the dismissal and See also:impeachment of Suffolk; was a member of the See also:commission appointed in 1386 to reform the See also:kingdom and the royal See also:household; and took up arms when Richard began proceedings against the commissioners. Having defeated Vere at Radcot in See also:December 1387 the duke and his associates entered See also:London to find the king powerless in their hands. Gloucester, who had previously threatened his See also:uncle with deposition, was only restrained from taking this extreme step by the See also:influence of his colleagues; but, as the See also:leader of the " lords appellant " in the " Merciless See also:Parliament," which met in See also:February 1388 and was packed with his supporters, he took a See also:savage revenge upon his enemies, while not neglecting to add to his own possessions.
He was not seriously punished when Richard regained his See also:power in May 1389, but he remained in the background, although employed occasionally on public business, and accompanying the king to Ireland in 1394. In 1396, however, uncle and nephew were again at variance. Gloucester disliked the See also:peace with France and Richard's' second See also:marriage with See also:Isabella, daughter of King See also:Charles VI.; other causes of difference were not wanting, and it has been asserted that the duke was plotting to seize the king. At all events Richard decided to See also:arrest him. By refusing an invitation to See also:dinner the duke frustrated the first See also:attempt, but on the 11th of July 1397 he was arrested by the king himself at his See also:residence, Pleshey See also:castle in Essex. He was taken at once to See also:Calais, and it is probable that he was murdered by See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the king on-the 9th of See also:September following. The facts seem to be as follows. At the beginning of September it was reported that he was dead. The rumour, probably a deliberate one, was false, and about the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time a See also:justice, See also:Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Rickhill (d. 1407), was sent to Calais with instructions dated the 17th of See also:August to obtain a See also:confession from Gloucester. On the 8th of September the duke confessed that he had been guilty of See also:treason, and his See also:death immediately followed this avowal. Unwilling to meet his parliament so soon after his uncle's death, Richard's purpose was doubtless to antedate this occurrence, and to See also:foster the impression that the duke had died from natural causes in August. When parliament met in September he was declared guilty of treason and his estates forfeited. Gloucester had one son, Humphrey (c. 1381-1399), who died unmarried, and four daughters, the most notable of whom was See also:Anne (c. 138o-1438), who was
successively the wife of Thomas, 3rd earl of See also:Stafford, See also:Edmund, 5th earl of Stafford, and William See also:Bourchier, See also:count of Eu. Gloucester is supposed to have written L'Ordonnance d'Angleterre pour le See also:camp a l'outrance, ou gaige de bataille.
End of Article: GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE
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