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See also:NANTES, See also:EDICT OF , the See also:law promulgated in See also:April 1598 by which the See also:French See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV., gave religious See also:liberty to his See also:Protestant subjects, the See also:Huguenots. The See also:story of the struggle for the edict is See also:part of the See also:history of See also:France, and during the See also:thirty-five years of See also:civil See also:war which preceded its See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant, many See also:treaties and other arrangements had been made between the contending religious parties, but none of these had been satisfactory or lasting. The elation of the Protestants at the See also:accession of Henry IV. in 1589 was followed by deep depression, when it was found that not only did he adopt the See also:Roman See also:Catholic faith, but that his efforts to redress their grievances were singularly ineffectual. In 1594 they took determined See also:measures to protect themselves; in 1597, the war with See also:Spain being practically over, See also:long negotiations took See also:place between the king and their representatives, prominent among whom was the historian J. A. de See also:Thou, and at last the edict was See also:drawn up. It consisted of 95 See also:general articles, which were signed by Henry at Nantes on the 13th of April 1598, and of 56 particular ones, signed on the 2nd of May. There was also some supplementary See also:matter.
The See also:main provisions of the edict of Nantes may be briefly summarized under six heads: (1) It gave liberty of See also:conscience to the Protestants throughout the whole of France. (2) It gave to the Protestants the right of holding public See also:worship in those places where they had held it in the See also:year 1576 and in the earlier part of 1577; also in places where this freedom had been granted by the edict of See also:Poitiers (1577) and the treaties of See also:Nerac (1J79) and of See also:Felix (1580). The Protestants could also worship in two towns in each bailliage and senechausee. The greater nobles could hold Protestant services in their houses; the lesser nobles could do the same, but only for gatherings of not more than thirty See also:people. Regarding See also:Paris, the Protestants could conduct worship within five leagues of the See also:city; previously this See also:prohibition had extended to a distance of ten leagues. (3) Full civil rights were granted to the Protestants. They could See also:trade freely, inherit See also:property and enter the See also:universities, colleges and See also:schools. All See also:official positions were open to them. (4) To See also:deal with disputes arising out of the edict a chamber was established in the See also:parlement of Paris (le chambre de l'edit). This seas to be composed of ten Roman Catholic, and of six Protestant members. See also:Chambers for the same purpose, but consisting of Protestants and Roman Catholics in equal See also:numbers, were established in connexion with the provincial parlements. (5) The Protestant pastors were to be paid by the See also:state and to be freed from certain burdens, their position being made practically equal to that of the Roman Catholic See also:clergy. (6) A See also:hundred places of safety were given to the Protestants for eight years, the expenses of garrisoning them being undertaken by the king.
In many ways the terms of the edict were very generous to the Protestants, but it must be remembered that the liberty to hold public worship was made the exception and not the See also:rule; this was prohibited except in certain specified cases, and in this respect they were less favourably treated than they were under the arrangement made in 1576.
The edict was greatly disliked by the Roman Catholic clergy and their See also:friends, and a few changes were made to conciliate them. The parlement of Paris shared this dislike, and succeeded in reducing the number of Protestant members of the chambre de l'edit from six to one. Then cajoled and threatened by Henry, the parlement registered the edict on the 25th of See also:February 1599. After similar trouble it was also registered by the provincial parlements, the last to take this step being the parlement of See also:Rouen, which delayed the See also:registration until 1609.
The strong See also:political position secured to the French Protestants by the edict of Nantes was very objectionable, not only to the ardent Roman Catholics, but also to more moderate persons, and the payments made to their ministers by the state were viewed with increasing dislike. Thus about 166o a strong See also:movement began for its See also:repeal, and this had See also:great See also:influence with the king. One after another proclamations and declarations were issued which deprived the Protestants of their rights under the edict; their position was rendered intolerable by a See also:series of persecutions which culminated in the dragonnades, and at length on the 18th of See also:October 1685 See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis revoked the edict, thus depriving the Protestants in France of all civil and religious liberty. This gave a new impetus to the See also:emigration of the Huguenots, which had been going on for some years, and See also:England, See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland and See also:Brandenburg received numbers of .thrifty and industrious French families.
The history of the French Protestants, to which the edict of Nantes belongs, is dealt with in the articles FRANCE : History,and HUGUENOT s. For further details about the edict see the papers and documents published as Le Troisibme centenaire de l'edit de Nantes (1898); N. A. F. Puaux, Histoire du Protestantisme See also:francais (Paris, 1894); H. M. See also:Baird, The Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (See also:London, 1895) ; C. Benoist, La See also:Condition See also:des Protestants sous le regime de l'edit de Nantes et Orbs sa revocation (Paris, 1900) ; A. Lods, L'Edit de Nantes See also:levant le parlement de Paris (1899) ; and the Bulletin historique et litteraire of the Societe de I'Histoire du Protestantisme Francais.
End of Article: NANTES, EDICT OF
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