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ROUEN , a See also:city of See also:France, See also:capital of the See also:department of See also:Seine-Inferieure and the See also:ancient capital of the See also:province of See also:Normandy, on the Seine, 87 M. N.W. of See also:Paris by See also:rail. Pop. (1906) 111,402. The old city lies on the See also:north See also:bank of the See also:river in an See also:amphitheatre formed by the hills which border the Seine valley. It is surrounded by boulevards. Outside the See also:ellipse formed by
ROUEN
these See also:lie the suburbs of Martainville, St Hilaire, Beauvoisine, Bouvreuil and Cauchoise; 21 M. to the See also:east is the See also:industrial See also:town of Darnetal (pop. 6770), and in the level See also:plain on the opposite bank of the Seine is the extensive manufacturing suburb of St Sever with the industrial towns of Sotteville (pop. 18,096) and See also:Petit Quevilly (pop. 14,852) in its immediate neighbourhood. Finally in the centre of the river, north-east of St Sever, is the Ile See also:Lacroix, which also forms See also:part of Rouen. Communication across the Seine is maintained by See also:ferry and by three See also:bridges, including a See also:Pont transbordeur, or moving plat-See also:form, slung between two lofty columns and propelled by See also:electricity. Rouen possesses four railway stations., The central point of the old town is the See also:Place de 1'HOtel de Ville, occupied by the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St Ouen, the hotel de ville and an equestrian statue of See also:Napoleon I., and traversed by the See also:Rue de la Republique which leads from it past the See also:cathedral to the Place de la Republique and the Quai de Paris. Parallel to this See also:street to the See also:west are the Rue Beauvoisine with its See also:southern continuations, the Rue See also:des Carmes and the Rue See also:Grand-Pont, and the wide and handsome Rue Jeanne d'Arc terminating on the Quai de la See also:Bourse. These thoroughfares, which are all within the boulevards, are crossed at right angles by the Rue de la See also:Grosse-Horloge and by the Rue See also:Thiers, See also:running from the Place Cauchoise on the west to the Place de 1'HOtel de Ville, and passing on the See also:left the Jardin See also:Solferino and the museum.
The cathedral was built on the site of a previous cathedral which was destroyed by See also:fire in 1200, and its construction lasted from the beginning of the 13th See also:century, to which See also:period belong the lateral doors of the west portal, to the beginning of the 16th century, when the Tour de Beurre was completed. The See also:spire surmounting the central See also:tower, which is the highest in France (485 ft.), is See also:modern. The western See also:facade, with its profusion of niches, pinnacles and statues, belongs, as a whole, to the Flamboyant See also:style. But the See also:northern tower, the Tour St Romain, is in the See also:main of the 12th century, its upper See also:stage (with its steep, pointed roof) having been added later. The southern tower, the Tour de Beurre, so named because funds for its See also:building were given in return for the permission to eat See also:butter in See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
Lent, is of a type essentially See also:Norman, and consists of a square tower pierced by high mullioned windows and surmounted by a See also:low, octagonal structure, with a See also:balustrade and pinnacles. The juxtaposition of these two towers, so different in See also:character, is the, most striking feature of the main facade, which is notable besides for its width. The portals of the See also:transept are each flanked by two towers and decorated with See also:sculpture and statuary. That to the north, the Portail des Libraires, looks upon the Cour des Libraires, once the resort of the booksellers of Rouen. That to the See also:south is known as the Portail de la Calende. The See also:plan of the church comprises a See also:nave with aisles and lateral chapels, a transept and a See also:choir with See also:ambulatory. The most remarkable part of the interior is the See also:Lady See also:Chapel (1302–20) behind the choir with the tombs (1518-25) of See also:Cardinal Georges d'See also:Amboise and his See also:nephew, the statuary of which, including the kneeling statues of the two cardinals, is of the finest See also:Renaissance workmanship. The chapel also contains the See also:tomb (1536–44) of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis de See also:Breze, See also:seneschal of Normandy. Behind the cathedral is the archiepiscopal See also:palace, a building of the 14th and 15th centuries.
St Ouen, formerly the church of an See also:abbey dating to the See also:Roman period and reorganized by See also:Archbishop St Ouen in the 7th century, exceeds the cathedral in length as well as in purity of style. In spite of the juxtaposition of the second and third, the Radiant and Flamboyant types of See also:Gothic See also:architecture, the building, as a whole, presents a unity which even the modern facade has failed to See also:mar. It was founded in 1318 in place of a Romanesque church which previously occupied the site and of which the only relic is the chapel in the south transept. The choir alone was constructed in the 14th century. The nave of the church belongs to the 15th century, by the end of which the central tower with its octagonal See also:lantern and four flanking turrets had been erected. The building of the western facade, which is flanked by two towers, was not undertaken till 1846.
The walls of the church are pierced by windows filled with stained See also:glass of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries and See also:cover more space than is usual even in See also:French Gothic churches. The Portail des Marmousets, the entrance to the south transept, has a projecting See also:porch, behind and above which rises a magnificent See also:rose window.
The north facade has no entrance. In the interior, now despoiled of many See also:artistic treasures, there is an See also:organ-See also:case dating from 163o and a railing of the 18th century surrounding the choir.
The church of St Maclou, behind the cathedral, begun in 1437 and finished See also:early in the 16th century, is a See also:rich example of the Flamboyant style, the characteristics of which are specially displayed in the decoration of the facade and the See also:tracery of the portal with its five arched openings. It is celebrated for See also:carving attributed to See also:Jean See also:Goujon which appears on the western doors and in other parts of the church, and has a handsome organ-See also:loft reached by a graceful open See also:staircase, and stained glass of the 15th and 16th centuries. The spire above the central tower is modern and was finished in 1869. See also:Close by the church is the old See also:parish See also:cemetery called the Aitre de St Maclou; it is surrounded by wooden galleries of the Renaissance period, supported on See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone pillars on which are sculptures representing a See also:dance of See also:death.
The church of St See also:Vincent, near the Seine, is a building of the 16th century and contains the finest stained-glass windows in Rouen; those at the end of the north See also:aisle, by Engrand and Jean le See also:Prince, artists of See also:Beauvais, are the most noted. The stained glass in the churches of St Patrice (16th century) and St See also:Godard (See also:late 15th century) is inferior only to that of St Vincent. Among the less important ecclesiastical buildings of Rouen are the churches of St See also:Gervais, St Romain, St See also:Laurent, St Vivien, and the tower of St See also:Andre, a relic of an old church of the 15th and 16th centuries.
The most important See also:secular building in Rouen is the Palais de See also:Justice, once the seat of the See also:exchequer and, later, of the See also:parlement of Normandy. It is in the late Gothic style and consists of a main building flanked by two wings. The left wing, known as the Salle des Procureurs, was erected in 1493 and is remark-able for its lofty See also:barrel-roof of See also:timber. South of the Palais de Justice is the See also:Porte de la Grosse Horloge, an See also:arcade spanning the street and surmounted by a lazge See also:clock of the 15th century with two dials. The Tour de la Grosse Horloge, which rises beside the arcade, was built in 1389. The tower known as the Tour de Jeanne d'Arc was the See also:scene of her trial, and is all that remains of the See also:castle built by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus early in the 13th century. The Porte See also:Guillaume-See also:Lion, opening on to the Quai de Paris, is a handsome gateway built in 1749.
There are numerous old houses in Rouen in the Gothic and Renaissance styles. The Hotel de Bourgtheroulde, the most famous of them, is a stone See also:mansion of the 15th century added to in the reign of See also:Francis I., the facades of which are decorated with bas-reliefs representing scenes from the See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting of the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
Field of the See also:Cloth of See also:Gold and allegories from the Triumphs of See also:Petrarch. Among more modern buildings are the hotel de ville of the 18th century, adjoining the north See also:side of the church of St Ouen, the Bourse dating from the same period, and the Musee-Bibliotheque constructed in 188o and containing rich collections of pictures and See also:ceramics and a library with upwards of 133,000 volumes and many valuable See also:MSS. An important museum of antiquities and a museum of natural See also:history are contained in the old See also:convent of the Visitation. A statue of the composer F. A. See also:Boieldieu overlooks the Quai de la Bourse, and one of See also:Pierre See also:Corneille stands at the western extremity of the Ile Lacroix; both were natives of the town. At Bonsecours, on a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill on the Seine 2 M. above Rouen, are the modern church, which is a resort of pilgrims, and the See also:monument to See also:Joan of Arc consisting of three small Renaissance buildings with a statue of the heroine in the See also:principal one.
Rouen is the seat of an archbishop, a See also:prefect, a See also:court of See also:appeal and a court of assizes, and headquarters of the See also:Ill. See also:army See also:corps.
End of Article: ROUEN
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