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Belgium), and formed in three-fourths of its extent of permeable strata, which absorb the atmospheric precipitation to restore it gently to the river by perennial springs. At See also:

Paris the See also:

AVERAGE

average volume of the river per second is 5300 cub. ft.; after it has received all its tributaries the volume is about 10,60o cub. ft. At Paris it falls as See also:

low as 1550 cub. ft., and in exceptional droughts the figure of 1200 is reached. During the See also:

flood of 1658 the volume between the quays at Paris is believed to have risen to 88,000 cub. ft. per second. The height of the river above the normal at Paris was probably on that occasion about 21 ft., whereas in the disastrous floods of See also:

JANUARY

January 1910 it was over 24 ft. Other notable floods are recorded in 1740, 1799, 1802, 1876 and 1883.

Rising at a height of 1545 ft. above See also:

sea-level, at the See also:

BASE

base of the statue of a nymph erected on the spot by the See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Paris, the Seine is at first such an insignificant streamlet that it is often dry in summer as far as See also:

CHATILLON

Chatillon (705 ft.) some 31 M. from its source. At See also:

Bar its See also:

WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters feed the Haute-Seine See also:

Canal, though See also:

NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation thereon only begins at See also:

TROYES

Troyes. It next passes Wry, and at Marcilly receives the Aube (right), at which point the canal terminates and the river itself is canalized; here it is deflected from its hitherto north-northwesterly to a See also:

south-See also:

WESTERLY

westerly direction by the heights of the See also:

BRIE (Briegus saltus, from Celtic briek, clay)

Brie, the base of which it skirts past Nogent and See also:

MONTEREAU

Montereau. At the latter point it receives the See also:

YONNE

Yonne, its most important See also:

LEFT

left-See also:

hand tributary, and is deepened from 5 ft. 3 in. to 6 ft. 6 in. It then resumes its general north-westerly direction, receiving the Loing (left) at Moret; having passed See also:

MELUN

Melun it is joined at See also:

Corbeil by the Essonne (left), and after its junction with the Marne (right), a tributary longer than itself by 31 m. at the confluence, reaches Paris. From this point to the sea its channel has been so deepened that vessels of 9 to 10 ft. See also:

DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught can reach the See also:

capital. The river then winds through a pleasant See also:

CHAMPAIGN

champaign See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country past St See also:

CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma

Cloud, St See also:

Denis, See also:

ARGENTEUIL

Argenteuil, St Germain, Conflans (where it is joined from the right by the Oise, 56 ft. above the sea), See also:

Poissy, Mantes, See also:

Les Andelys, between which and the sea the river is remarkable for its detours, as also in .the vicinity of Paris. At Poses the See also:

TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide first begins to be perceptible. It next receives the Eure (left), and passes See also:

PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont de l'Arche, See also:

ELBEUF

Elbeuf and See also:

ROUEN

Rouen, where the sea navigation commences. The river is dyked below Rouen so as to admit vessels of 20 ft. draught, and large areas have thus been reclaimed for cultivation.

At every tide there is a " See also:

BORE

bore " (See also:

barre or mascaret), ranging usually from 8 to 9 ft., and attaining its maximum from Quillebeuf to Caudebec. Below Quillebeuf (where the Risle is received from the left) the See also:

ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary begins, set with extensive See also:

sand-See also:

banks, between which flows a narrow navigable channel. Tancarville (right) is the starting-point of a canal to enable river boats for See also:

Havre to avoid the sea passage. The river enters the English Channel between See also:

HONFLEUR

Honfleur on the left and Havre on the right. The Marne brings to the Seine the waters of the Ornain, the Ourcq, and the See also:

MORIN, JEAN (latinized JOANNES MORINUS) (1591-1659)

Morin; the Oise those of the See also:

AISNE

Aisne; the Yonne those of the Arman9on. The low See also:

ELEVATION

elevation of the bounding hills has rendered it comparatively easy to connect the Seine and its affluents with adjoining river basins by means of canals. The Oise and See also:

SOMME

Somme are connected to the See also:

PICARDY (La Picardie)

Picardy or See also:

CROZAT, PIERRE (1661–1740)

Crozat Canal, which in turn is continued to the See also:

SCHELDT (Fr. Escaut, Flem. Schelde)

Scheldt by means of the St Quentin Canal and the Oise, and to the Sambre by that of Oise and Sambre. Between the Aisne and the See also:

Meuse is the See also:

ARDENNES

Ardennes Canal, and the Aisne and the Marne are See also:

UNITED

united by a canal which passes See also:

Reims.

End of Article: SEINE (Lat. Sequana)

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