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LANGRES

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 178 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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LANGRES , a See also:

TOWN

town of eastern See also:

France, See also:

capital of an See also:

ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

arrondissement in the See also:

DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Haute-See also:

MARNE

Marne, 22 M. S.S.E. of Chaumont on the eastern railway to See also:

Belfort. Pop. (1906) town, 6663; See also:

commune, 9803. Langres stands at a height of some 1J5o ft. on a jutting promontory of the tableland known as the See also:

plateau de Langres, and overlooks eastward and westward respectively the valleys of the Marne and its tributary the Bonnelle. From the See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral See also:

TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower and the ramparts which surround the town there is an extensive view over the valley of the Marne, the See also:

Vosges and the Cote d'Or, and in clear See also:

WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather Mt See also:

Blanc (16o m. distant) is visible. The cathedral of St Mammes, for the most See also:

PART

part in the Transitional See also:

style of the 12th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, has a See also:

west front in the Graeco-See also:

ROMAN

Roman style of the 18th century and a See also:

FINE

fine See also:

RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance See also:

CHAPEL

chapel. The See also:

church of St See also:

Martin (13th, 15th and 18th centuries) possesses a figure of See also:

Christ of the 16th century, one of the finest See also:

wood carvings known. The ramparts are protected by several towers, most of which date from the 16th century. The Gallo-Roman See also:

GATE

gate, one of four entrances in the Roman See also:

period, is preserved, but is walled up. The See also:

PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte See also:

DES

des See also:

MOULINS

Moulins (17th century) is the most interesting of the other See also:

GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates. The town possesses a museum See also:

rich in Gallo-Roman antiquities, a picture See also:

GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery and an important library.

The See also:

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth of See also:

Denis See also:

DIDEROT, DENIS (1713-1784)

Diderot here is commemorated by a statue. Langres is the seat of a See also:

bishop and a sub-See also:

PREFECT (prefet)

prefect, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:

commerce, a higher ecclesiastical See also:

SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary and communal colleges for both sexes. It manufactures well-known See also:

CUTLERY (Fr. coutellerie, from the Lat. cultellus, a little knife)

cutlery and grind-stones. See also:

Trade is in See also:

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain and other See also:

FARM

farm-produce, live stock, See also:

WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, &c. Langres, the See also:

ancient Andematunum, was capital of the Lingores. Under Roman See also:

RULE

rule it was at first to some extent autonomous, but was reduced to the See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony after the revolt of the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief Sabinus in A.D. 71. The bishopric was founded about 200 and in the See also:

MIDDLE

middle ages its holders became peers of the See also:

REALM

realm and enjoyed the temporal See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power in the town. In 301 the Alemanni were defeated at Langres by the See also:

Romans, but in the next century it was burnt by the See also:

VANDALS (Lat. Vandili or Vandilii)

Vandals and by See also:

ATTILA (d. 453)

Attila. The " plateau of Langres " appears frequently in the military See also:

HISTORY

history of the 18th and 19th centuries as a dominant strategic point, though its importance as such has appealed chiefly to the See also:

ADVOCATES, FACULTY OF

advocates of See also:

WARS

wars of positions and passive See also:

defence. The See also:

MODERN

modern fortifications of Langres, which serves as a second See also:

LINE

line fortress, consist of (a) Fort St Menge or Ligniville on high ground above the confluence of the Marne and the Neuilly See also:

BROOK

brook, about 5 m. N. by W. of the town; (b) the west front, comprising Humes See also:

BATTERY (Fr. batterie, from battles, to beat)

battery (2 M.

N.W. of Langres), Fort de la Pointe de Diamant, and the redoubts of Perrancey, Le Fays and Noidant (the last 4 m. S.W. of the town), overlooking the deep valley of the Mouche brook (this front was attacked in the See also:

MOCK

mock See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1907) ; (c) the See also:

south front, comprising Fort de la Bonnelle or Decres (2 m. S.S.W. of the town), a small See also:

WORK

work commanding the Chalon-Langres road, Le Mont and Le Pailly batteries, Fort Vercingetorix, the last, 5 m. S.W. of the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, See also:

STANDING

standing on a steep and narrow See also:

SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

spur of the See also:

main plateau, and in second line the old fort de la Marnotte, and the large bastioned citadel (the town See also:

ENCEINTE (Lat. in, within, cinctus, girdled; to be distinguished from the word meaning " pregnant," from in, not, and cinctus, i.e. with girdle loosened)

enceinte is "declassee") ; (d) the See also:

east front, marked by Forts Montlandon and Plesnoy at the See also:

north and south ends respectively of a See also:

long steep See also:

ridge, 6 m. E. of Langres, the See also:

bridges over the Marne leading these See also:

WORKS

works being commanded by Fort Peigney. a work about See also:

HALF

half a mile east of the town; (e) Fort Dampierre, 8 m. N.E. of the town, which commands all the main approaches from the north, and completes the circle by See also:

CROSSING

crossing its See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire with that of Fort St Menge.

End of Article: LANGRES

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