|
See also:ATTILA (d. 453) , See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the See also:Huns, became king in 433, along with his See also:brother Bleda, on the See also:death of his See also:uncle Rona. We hear but little as to Bleda, who died about 445, possibly slain by his brother's orders. In the first eight years of his reign Attila was chiefly occupied in the See also:wars with other See also:barbarian tribes, by which he made himself virtually supreme in central See also:Europe. His own See also:special See also:kingdom comprised the countries which are now called See also:Hungary and Transylvania, his See also:capital being possibly not far from the See also:modern See also:city of Buda-Pest; but having made the See also:Ostrogoths, the Gepidae and many other See also:Teutonic tribes his subject-See also:allies, and having also sent his invading armies into See also:Media, he seems for nearly twenty years to have ruled practically without a See also:rival from the See also:Caspian to the See also:Rhine. Very See also:early in his reign, Honoria, See also:grand-daughter of the See also:emperor See also:Theodosius II., being subjected to severe See also:restraint on See also:account of an amorous intrigue with one of the chamberlains of the See also:palace, sent her See also:ring to the king of the Huns and called on him to be her See also:husband and her deliverer. Nothing came of the proposed engagement, but the wrongs of Honoria, his affianced wife, served as a convenientpretext for some of the constantly recurring embassies with which Attila, fond of trampling on the fallen See also:majesty of See also:Rome, worried and bullied the two courts of See also:Constantinople and See also:Ravenna. Another frequent subject of complaint was found in certain sacred vessels which the See also:bishop of Sirmium had sent as a bribe to the secretary of Attila, and which had been by him, fraudulently, as his See also:master contended, pawned to a silversmith at Rome. There were also frequent and imperious demands for the surrender of fugitives who had sought shelter from the wrath of Attila within the limits of the See also:empire. One of the return embassies from Constantinople, that sent in 448, had the See also:great See also:advantage of being accompanied by a rhetorician named See also:Priscus, whose See also:minute journalistic account of the negotiations, including as it does a vivid picture of the great Hun in his banquet-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, is by far the most valuable source of See also:information as to the See also:court and See also:camp of Attila. What lends additional See also:interest to the See also:story. is the fact that in the See also:ambassador's See also:suite there was an interpreter named Vigilas, who for fifty pounds of See also:gold had promised to assassinate Attila. This See also:base See also:design was discovered by the Hunnish king, but had never been revealed to the See also:head of the See also:embassy or to his secretary.
The situations created by this See also:strange See also:combination of honest See also:diplomacy and See also:secret villainy are described by Priscus with real dramatic See also:power.
IA 450 Theodosius II., the incapable emperor of the See also:East, died, and his See also:throne was occupied by a See also:veteran soldier named See also:Marcian, who answered the insulting See also:message of Attila in, a manlier See also:tone than his predecessor. Accordingly the Hun, who had something of the See also:bully in his nature, now turned upon Valentinian III., the trembling emperor of the See also:West, and demanded redress for the wrongs of Honoria, and one-See also:half of Valentinian's dominions as her See also:dowry. Allying himself with the See also:Franks and See also:Vandals, he led his vast many-nationed See also:army to the Rhine in the See also:spring of 451, crossed that See also:river, and sacked, apparently, most of the cities in Belgic See also:Gaul. Most fortunately for Europe, the Teutonic races already settled in Gaul rallied to the See also:defence of the empire against invaders infinitely more barbarous than themselves. Prominent in this new See also:coalition was See also:Theodoric, king of the Visigoths, whose capital city was. See also:Toulouse. His See also:firm fighting See also:alliance with the See also:Roman See also:general See also:Aetius, with whom he had had many a conflict in previous years, was one of the best auguries for the new Europe that was to arise out of the ruins of the Roman empire. Meanwhile Attila had reached the See also:Loire and was besieging the strong city of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans. The citizens, under the leadership of their bishop Anianus, made a heroic defence, but the See also:place was on the point of being taken when, on the 24th of See also:June, the allied Romano-See also:Gothic army was seen on the See also:horizon. Attila, who knew the difficulty that he should have in feeding his immense army if his See also:march was further delayed, turned again to the See also:north-east, was persuaded by the See also:- VENERABLE (Lat. venerabilis, worthy of reverence, venerari, to reverence, to worship, allied to Venus, love; the Indo-Germ. root is wen-, to desire, whence Eng. " win, properly to struggle for, hence to gain)
venerable bishop See also:Lupus to spare the city of See also:Troyes, but halted near that place in the Catalaunian plains and offered See also:battle to his pursuers Aetius and Theodoric. The battle which followed—certainly one of the decisive battles of the world—has been well described by the Gothic historian Jordanes as " ruthless, manifold, immense, obstinate." It lasted for the whole See also:day, and the number of the slain is variously stated at 175,000 and 300,000.
All such estimates are, of course, untrustworthy, but there is no doubt that the carnage was. terrible. The Visigothic king was slain, but the victory, though, hardly earned, remained with his See also:people and his allies. Attila did not venture to renew the engagement on the morrow, but retreated, apparently in See also:good See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, on the Rhine, recrossed that river and returned to his Pannonian See also:home. From thence in the spring of 452 he again set forth to ravage or to conquer. See also:Italy. Her great See also:champion Aetius showed less See also:energy in her cause than he had shown in his defence of Gaul. After a stubborn contest, Attila took and utterly destroyed See also:Aquileia, the See also:chief city 'of See also:Venetia, and then proceeded on his destructive course, capturing and burning the cities at the head of the Adriatic, See also:Concordia, See also:Altinum and See also:Patavium (See also:Padua). The fugitives from these cities, but especially from the last, seeking shelter in the lagoons of the Adriatic, laid the See also:foundations of
that which was one day to become the glorious city of See also:Venice. Upon See also:Milan and the cities of western See also:Lombardy the See also:hand of Attila seems to have weighed more lightly, plundering rather than utterly destroying; and at last when See also:Pope See also:Leo I., at the head of a deputation of Roman senators, appeared in his camp on the See also:banks of the Mincio, entreating him not to pursue his victorious career to the See also:gates of Rome, he yielded to their entreaties and consented to See also:cross the See also:Alps, with a menace, however, of future return, should the wrongs of Honoria remain unredressed. As he himself jokingly said: he knew how to conquer men, but the See also:Lion and the See also:Wolf (Leo and Lupus) were too strong for him. No further expeditions to Italy were undertaken by Attila, who died suddenly in 453, in the See also:night following a great banquet which celebrated his See also:marriage with a damsel named Ildico. Notwithstanding some rumours of violence it is probable that his death was natural and due to his own intemperate habits.
Under his name of Etzel, Attila plays a great See also:part in Teutonic See also:legend (see See also:NIBELUNGENLIED) and under that of Atli in Scandinavian See also:Saga, but his historic lineaments are greatly obscured in both. He was See also:short of stature, swarthy and broad-chested, with a large head which early turned See also:grey, snub See also:nose and deep-set eyes. He walked with proud step, darting a haughty glance this way and that as if he See also:felt himself See also:lord of all.
The chief authorities for the See also:life of Attila are Priscus, Jordanes, the Historia Miscella, See also:Apollonius Sidonius and See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory of See also:Tours. (T.
End of Article: ATTILA (d. 453)
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!