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TROYES , a See also:town of See also:France, See also:capital of the See also:department of See also:Aube, 104 M. E.S.E. of See also:Paris on the Eastern railway to See also:Belfort. Pop. (1906), 51,228. The town is situated in the wide alluvial See also:plain watered by the See also:Seine, the See also:main stream of which skirts it on the See also:east. It is traversed by several small arms of the See also:river, and the See also:Canal de la Haute-Seine divides it into an upper town, on the See also:left See also:bank, and a See also:lower town on the right bank. The streets are, for the most See also:part, narrow and crooked. It is surrounded by a See also:belt of boulevards, outside which See also:lie suburbs. The churches of the town are numerous, and especially See also:rich in stained See also:glass of the See also:Renaissance See also:period, from the hands of See also:Jean Soudain, Jean Macadre, Linard Gonthier and other artists.
St See also:Pierre, the See also:cathedral, was begun in 1208, and it was not until 164o that the See also:north See also:tower of the See also:facade was completed. With a height to the vaulting of only 98 ft. it is less lofty than other important See also:Gothic cathedrals of France. It consists of an See also:apse with seven apse chapels, a See also:choir with See also:double aisles, on the right of which are the See also:treasury and See also:sacristy, a See also:transept without aisles, a See also:nave with double aisles and See also:side chapels and a See also:vestibule. The See also:west facade belongs to the 16th See also:century with the exception of the upper portion of the north tower; the See also:south tower has never been completed. Three portals, that in the centre surmounted by a See also:fine flamboyant See also:rose window, open into the vestibule. The stained glass of the interior See also:dates mainly from the 15th and 16th centuries. The treasury contains some fine See also:enamel See also:work and See also:lace. The See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:Urban, begun in 1262 at the expense of See also:Pope Urban IV., a native of the town, is a charming specimen of Gothic See also:architecture, the lightness and delicacy of its construction rivalling that of churches built a century later. The glass windows, the profusion of which is the most remarkable feature of the church, date, for the most part, from the years 1265 to 1280. The church of La Madeleine, built at the beginning of the 13th century, and enlarged in the 16th. contains a rich See also:rood-See also:screen by Giovanni Gualdo (1508) and fine stained-glass windows of the 16th century. The church of St Jean, though hidden among old houses, is one of the most picturesque in Troyes. The choir is a fine example of Renaissance architecture and the church contains a high See also:altar of the 17th century, stained glass of the 16th century and many other See also:works of See also:art. St See also:Nicholas is a See also:building of the 16th century with a beautiful vaulted See also:gallery in the interior. The church of St Pantal6on of the 16th century and that of St Nizier, mainly of the same period, contain remarkable sculptures and paintings. St Remi (14th, 15th and 16th centuries) and St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin-es-Vignes '(16th and 17th centuries), the latter notable for its 17th-century windows, are also of See also:interest. The old See also:abbey of St Loup is occupied by a
TROYES
museum containing numerous collections. The Hotel Dieu of the 18th century is remarkable for the fine gilded See also:iron railing of its courtyard. Most of the old houses of Troyes are of See also:wood, but some of See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone of the 16th century are remarkable for their beautiful and See also:original architecture. Amongst the latter the hotels de Vauluisant, de Mauroy and de Marisy are specially interesting. The prefecture occupies the buildings of the old abbey of Notre-See also:Dame-aux-Nonnains; the HOtel-de-ville dates from the 17th century; the savings bank, the See also:theatre and the lyc&e are See also:modern buildings. A See also:marble See also:monument to the Sons of Aube commemorates the See also:war of 1870-71.
Troyes is the seat of a See also:bishop and a See also:court of See also:assize. Its public institutions include a tribunal of first instance, a tribunal of See also:commerce, a See also:council of See also:trade arbitrators, a chamber of commerce and a See also:branch of the Bank of France. A lycee, an ecclesiastical See also:college, training colleges for male and See also:female teachers, and a school of See also:hosiery are its See also:chief educational institutions. There are also several learned See also:societies and a large library. The dominant See also:industry in Troyes is the manufacture of See also:cotton, woollen and See also:silk hosiery, which is exported to See also:Spain, See also:Italy, the See also:United States and South See also:America; See also:printing and See also:dyeing of fabrics, tanning, distilling, and the manufacture of looms and iron goods are among the other See also:industries. The See also:market gardens and nurseries of the neighbourhood are well known.
There is trade in the wines of See also:Burgundy and See also:Champagne, in See also:industrial products, in snails and in the dressed pork prepared in the town.
See also:History.—At the beginning of the See also:Roman period Troyes (Augustobona) was the See also:principal See also:settlement of the Tricassi, from whose name its own is derived. It owed its See also:conversion to See also:Christianity to See also:Saints Savinian and Potentian, and in the first See also:half of the 4th century its bishopric was created as a See also:suffragan of See also:Sens. St Loup, the most illustrious bishop of Troyes, occupied the episcopal seat from 426 to 479. He is said to have persuaded See also:Attila, chief of the See also:Huns, to leave the town unpillaged, and is known to have exercised See also:great See also:influence in the Church of See also:Gaul. The importance of the monastery of St Loup, which he founded, was overshadowed by that of the abbey of nuns known as Notre-Dame-aux-Nonnains, which possessed large See also:schools and enjoyed great privileges in the town, in some points exercising authority even over the bishops themselves. In 892 and 898 Troyes suffered from the depredations of the See also:Normans, who on the second occasion reduced the town to ruins. In the See also:early See also:middle ages the bishops were supreme in Troyes, but in the loth century this supremacy was transferred to the See also:counts of Troyes (see below), who from the 11th century were known as the counts of Champagne. Under their See also:rule the See also:city attained great prosperity. Its fairs, which had already made it a prominent commercial centre, flourished under their patronage, while the canals constructed at their expense aided its industrial development. In the 12th century both the counts and the ecclesiastics joined in the See also:movement for the enfranchisement of their See also:serfs, but it was not till 1230 and 1242 that See also:Thibaut IV. granted charters to the inhabitants. A disastrous See also:fire occurred in 1188; more disastrous still was the See also:union of Champagne with the domains of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of France in 1304, since one of the first See also:measures of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis le Hutin was to forbid the Flemish merchants to attend the fairs, which from that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time declined in importance. For a See also:short time (1419-1425), during the See also:Hundred Years' War, the town was the seat of the royal See also:government, and in 1420 the See also:signing of the Treaty of Troyes was followed by the See also:marriage of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry V. of See also:England with See also:Catherine, daughter of See also:Charles VI., in the church of St Jean. In 1429 the town capitulated to See also:Joan of Arc. The next hundred years was a period of prosperity, marred by the destruction of half the town by the fire of 1524. In the 16th century Protestantism made some progress in Troyes but never obtained a decided hold. In 1562, after a short occupation, the Calvinist troops were forced to retire, and on the See also:news of the See also:massacre of St See also:Bartholomew fifty Protestants were put to See also:death. The revocation of the See also:Edict of See also:Nantes in 1685 was a severe See also:blow to the commerce of Troyes, which was not revived by the re-See also:establishment of the former fairs in 1697. The See also:population See also:fell from 40,000 to 24,000 between the beginning of the 16th century and that of the 19th century.
See T. Boutiot, Histoire de Troyes et de la Champagne meridionale (4 vols., Troyes, 187o–1880); R. Koechlin and J. J. Marquet de Vasselot, La See also:Sculpture a Troyes et clans la Champagne meridionale au seizieme siecle (Paris, 1900). (R.
End of Article: TROYES
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