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Langres, together with the ecclesiastical countship of Chalons. Documents of the 12th and 13th centuries make it possible to determine the territorial configuration of the countship of Champagne with greater accuracy than in the See also:

case of any other See also:

FIEF

fief of the See also:

CROWN

crown of France. Formed at See also:

RANDOM (older forms randon, randrun; from the French, cf. randir, to run quickly, impetuously; generally taken to be of Teutonic origin and connected with Ger. Rand, edge, brim, the idea being possibly of a brimming river)

random by the acquisitions of the See also:

COUNTS

counts of the houses of See also:

VERMANDOIS

Vermandois and See also:

BLOIS

Blois, Champagne reckoned among its dependencies, from 1152 to 1234, the countship of Blois and See also:

CHARTRES

Chartres, of which See also:

TOURAINE

Touraine was a fief, the countship of See also:

SANCERRE

Sancerre, and various scattered fiefs in the Bourbonnais and in Burgundy. Officially called the "countship of Champagne and See also:

BRIE (Briegus saltus, from Celtic briek, clay)

Brie " since 1217, this See also:

state was formed by the See also:

union of the countships of Troyes and See also:

MEAUX

Meaux, to which the greater part of the districts embraced in the country known, since the beginning of the middle ages, by the name of Champagne and Brie came in course of See also:

time to be attached. Placed under the authority of a single See also:

COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count in 96o, the countships of Troyes and Meaux were not again separated after 1125. For the counts of Troyes before the 11th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century see TROYES. We confine ourselves here to the counts of Champagne of the See also:

house of Blois. About 1020 Eudes or See also:

Odo I. (Odo II., count of Blois) became count of Champagne.

He disputed the kingdom of Burgundy with the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

Conrad, and died in 1037, in a See also:

BATTLE

battle near Barle-Duc. In 1037 he was succeeded by his younger son, See also:

Stephen II. About 1050 Odo II., son of Stephen II., became count. This See also:

prince, guilty of See also:

MURDER

murder, found See also:

REFUGE

refuge in See also:

NORMANDY

Normandy, where he received the See also:

castle of See also:

Aumale. He took part in 1066 in the See also:

CONQUEST

conquest of See also:

England, and became See also:

EARL

earl of Holderness. About 1063 See also:

Theobald (Thibaud) I., count of Blois and Meaux, eldest son of Odo I., became count of Champagne. In 1077 he seized the countships of Vitry and See also:

Bar-sur-Aube, See also:

LEFT

left vacant by See also:

Simon of See also:

Valois, who had retired to a monastery. In 1089 Odo III., second son of Theobald II., became count, and was succeeded about 1093 by his younger See also:

BROTHER

brother, See also:

Hugh, who became a templar in 1125, and gave up the countship to his suzerain, the count of Blois. In 1125 the countship of Champagne passed to Theobald IL the See also:

GREAT

Great, already count of Blois and Meaux, and one of the most powerful See also:

French barons of his time. He was related to the royal house of England, and incurred the displeasure of the See also:

king of France, who in 1142 invaded Champagne and burnt the See also:

TOWN

town of Vitry. After Theobald the Great the countship of Blois ceased to be the dominant fief of his house and became the See also:

APPANAGE, or APANAGE (a French word from the late Lat. apanagium, formed from apanare, i.e. panem porrigere, to give bread, i.e. sustenance)

appanage of a younger See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch. In 1152 See also:

Henry the Liberal, eldest son of Theobald II., became count of Champagne; he married See also:

Mary, daughter of See also:

Louis VII. of France, and went to the crusade in 1178.

He was taken prisoner by the See also:

TURKS

Turks, recovered his See also:

LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty through the See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good offices of the emperor of the See also:

East, and died a few days after his return to Champagne. In 1181 his eldest son, Henry II., succeeded him under the tutelage of Mary of France. In 1190 he went to the See also:

HOLY

Holy See also:

LAND

Land, and became king of See also:

Jerusalem in 1192 by his See also:

MARRIAGE

marriage with Isabelle, widow of the See also:

MARQUIS

marquis of See also:

MONTFERRAT, COUNT OF

Montferrat. He died in 1197 in his town of See also:

Acre from the results of an See also:

accident. In 1197 Theohald III., younger son of Henry I., be-came count, and was succeeded in 1201 by Theobald IV., " le Chansonnier " (the See also:

SINGER, SIMEON (1846-1906)

singer), who was the son of Theobald III. and See also:

BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche of See also:

NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre, and was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born some days after the See also:

DEATH

death of his See also:

FATHER

father. From 1201 to 1222 he remained under the tutelage of his See also:

MOTHER

mother, who governed Champagne with great sagacity. The reign of this prince was singularly eventful. The two daughters of count Henry II. successively claimed the countship, so that Theobald had to combat the claims of Philippa, wife of See also:

ERARD

Erard of Brienne, seigneur of Rameru, from 1216 to 1222, and those of Alix, See also:

queen See also:

DOWAGER (from the Old Fr. douagiere, mod. douairiere)

dowager of See also:

Cyprus, in 1233 and 1234. In 1226 he followed king Louis VII. to the See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

AVIGNON

Avignon, and after the death of that monarch played a prominent part during the reign of St Louis. At first leagued with the malcontent barons, he allowed himself to be gained over by the queen-mother, and thus came into collision with his old See also:

ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies. He became king of Navarre in 1234 by the death of his maternal See also:

UNCLE

uncle, Sancho VII. but by the onerous treaty which he concluded in that See also:

YEAR

year with the queen of Cyprus he was compelled to cede to the king, in return for a large sum of See also:

MONEY

money, the overlordship of the countships of Blois, Chartres and Sancerre, and the viscounty of See also:

CHATEAUDUN

Chateaudun. In 1239 and 1240 he took part in an expedition to the Holy Land, probably accompanied St Louis in 1242 in the See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign of See also:

SAINTONGE

Saintonge against the See also:

ENGLISH

English, and died on the 14th of See also:

JULY

July 1254 at Pampeluna.

If the author of the Grandes chroniques de France can be believed, Theobald IV. conceived a See also:

PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for Queen Blanche, the mother of St Louis, —a passion which she returned, and which explains the changes in his policy; but this See also:

OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion apparently must be relegated to the See also:

CATEGORY (Gr. Karrlyopia, " accusation ")

category of See also:

HISTORICAL

historical fables. The witty and courtly songs he composed See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place him in the front See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of the poets of that class, in which he showed somewhat more originality than his rivals. In 1254 Theobald V. the See also:

Young, eldest son of Theobald IV. and, like his father, king of Navarre, became count of Champagne. He married Isabelle of France, daughter of St Louis, and followed his father-in-See also:

law to See also:

TUNIS

Tunis to the crusade, dying on his return. In 1270 he was succeeded by Henry III. the See also:

FAT (O.E. fdett; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vet, Ger. Fett, &c., and may be ultimately related to Greek Irian, and =apos, and Sanskrit pivan)

Fat, king of Navarre. Henry was succeeded in 1274 by his only daughter, See also:

JOAN

Joan of Navarre, under the tutelage of her mother, Blanche of See also:

ARTOIS

Artois, and afterwards of See also:

Edmund, earl of See also:

Lancaster, her mother's second See also:

HUSBAND

husband. In 1284 she married the See also:

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir-presumptive to the See also:

THRONE

throne of France, See also:

Philip the See also:

FAIR

Fair, to whom she brought the countship of Champagne as well as the kingdom of Navarre. She became queen of France in 1285, and died on the 4th of See also:

APRIL

April 1305, when her eldest son by King Philip, Louis Hutin, became count of Champagne. He was the last See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent count of the province, which became attached to the French crown on his See also:

ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to the throne of France in 1314. The celebrated fairs of Champagne, which flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries, were attended by merchants from all parts of civilized See also:

EUROPE

Europe. They were six in number: two at Troyes, two at See also:

PROVINS

Provins, one at Lagny-sur-Marne, and one at Bar-sur-Aube. They formed a See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of continuous See also:

MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market, divided into six periods, and passed in turn from Lagny to Bar, from Bar to Provins, from Provins to Troyes, from Troyes to Provins and from Provins to Troyes, to See also:

COMPLETE

complete the year.

It was, in fact, a perpetual fair, which had at once unity and variety, offering to the different parts of the countship the means of selling successively the See also:

SPECIAL

special productions of their See also:

SOIL

soil or their See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, and of procuring in See also:

EXCHANGE

exchange riches and comforts. These fairs had special legislation; and special magistrates, called " masters of the fairs," had See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the See also:

POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police. For the See also:

WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine " champagne " see WINE.

End of Article: CHAMPAGNE

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