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SENS , a See also:town of See also:north-central See also:France, See also:capital of an See also:arrondissement in the See also:department of See also:Yonne, 71 M. S.E. of See also:Paris on the Paris-See also:Lyon-Mediterranee railway. Pop. (1906) 13,701. It is situated on the right See also:bank of, and on an See also:island in, the Yonne just below its confluence with the Vanne. The streets of the town are narrow, but it is surrounded by See also:fine promenades. The See also:cathedral of St See also:Etienne, one of the earliest See also:Gothic buildings in France, is additionally interesting because the See also:architecture of its chcir influenced through the architect, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of Sens, that of the See also:choir of See also:Canterbury cathedral. St Etienne was begun in 1140 and only completed See also:early in the 16th See also:century. It belongs mainly to the 12th century, and it is characterized by solidity rather than by beauty of proportion or richness of ornamentation. The See also:west front is pierced by three portals; that in the See also:middle has See also:good sculptures, representing the See also:parable of the virgins and the See also:story of St See also:Stephen. The right-See also:hand portal contains twenty-two remarkable statuettes of the prophets, which have suffered considerable injuries. Above this portal rises the See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:tower, decorated with armorial See also:bearings and with statues representing the See also:principal benefactors of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church. The bells in the campanile by which the tower is surmounted enjoyed immense reputation in the middle ages; the two which still remain, La Savinienne and La Potentienne, weigh respectively 15 tons 7 cwt. and 13 tons 13 cwt. The See also:left portal is adorned with two bas-reliefs, Liberality and Avarice, as well as with the story of See also:John the Baptist. The portal on the north See also:side of the cathedral is one of the finest examples of See also:French 16th-century See also:sculpture, that on the See also:south side is surmounted by magnificent stained-See also:glass windows. Other windows of the 12th to the 16th century are preserved, some of them representing the See also:legend of St See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas of Canterbury. Among the interior adornments are the See also:tomb of the dauphin (son of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XV.) and his See also:consort, See also:Marie Josephe of See also:Saxony, one of the See also:works of William See also:Coustou the younger, and bas-reliefs representing scenes from the See also:life of See also:Cardinal Duprat, See also:chancellor of France and See also:archbishop of Sens from 1525 to 1535. The See also:mausoleum from which they came was destroyed at the Revolution. The See also:treasury, one of the richest in antiquities in France, contains a fragment of the true See also:cross presented by See also:Charlemagne, and the See also:vestments of St Thomas of Canterbury. It was in the cathedral of Sens that St Louis, in 1234, married See also:Marguerite of See also:Provence, and five years later deposited the See also:crown of thorns. To the south of the cathedral are the See also:official buildings, dating from the 13th century, but restored by See also:Viollet-le-Duc. The old See also:judgment-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall and the dungeons had remained intact;in the former is a collection of fragments of sculpture from the cathedral; on the first story is the See also:synod hall, vaulted with stone and lighted by beautiful See also:grisaille windows. A See also:Renaissance structure connects the buildings with the archiepiscopal See also:palace, which also See also:dates from that See also:period. The See also:oldest of the other churches of Sens is St Savinian, the See also:foundation of which dates from the 3rd century; the See also:crypt and other portions of the church are of Romanesque architecture. The museum of Sens contains, among other antiquities, some See also:precious See also:MSS., notably a famous See also:missal with See also:ivory covers, and a collection of sculptured stones mainly derived from the old See also:Roman fortifications, which were themselves constructed from the ruins of public monuments at the beginning of the See also:barbarian invasions. The town has statues of See also:Baron J. J. See also:Thenard, the famous chemist, and of the sculptor See also:Jean See also:Cousin. Sens is the seat of a sub-See also:prefect, and includes among its public institutions a tribunal of first instance, a tribunal of See also:commerce, a chamber of commerce, a See also:council of See also:trade arbitrators and a lycee for boys. Among the See also:industries are See also:flour-milling, tanning and the manufacture of agricultural implements, boots and shoes, chemicals and See also:cutlery; there is trade in See also:wine, See also:grain, See also:wood, See also:coal and See also:wool, in which the See also:port on the Yonne has some See also:share.
Sens, when the capital of the See also:Senones, one of the most powerful peoples of See also:Gaul, See also:bore the name of Agedincum. It was not finally subdued by the See also:Romans till after the defeat of Vercingetorix. On the See also:division of Gaul into seventeen provinces under the See also:emperor See also:Valens, Agedincum became the See also:metropolis of the 4th Lugdunensis. Theatres, circuses, amphitheatres, triumphal See also:arches and aqueducts were all built in the town by the Romans. It was the See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting-point of six See also:great highways. The inhabitants, converted to See also:Christianity by the martyrs Savinian and Potentian, held out against the See also:Alamanni and the See also:Franks in 356, against the See also:Saracens in 731 or 738, and finally against the See also:Normans in 886—the last having besieged the town for six months. At the beginning of the feudal period Sens was governed by See also:counts, who had become hereditary towards the middle of the loth century; and the contests of these counts with the See also:arch-bishops or with their feudal superiors often led to much See also:blood-See also:shed and disaster, until, in 1055, the countship was See also:united to the royal domain. Several See also:councils were held at Sens, notably that of 1140, at which St See also:Bernard and See also:Abelard met. The burgesses in the middle of the 12th century formed themselves into a See also:commune which carried on See also:war against the See also:clergy. This was suppressed by Louis VIII., and restored by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus. In the ardour of its Catholicism Sens massacred the Protestants in 1562, and it was one of the first towns to join the See also:League. See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. did not effect his entrance till 1594, and he then deprived the town of its privileges. In 1622 Paris, hitherto See also:suffragan to Sens, was made an archbishopric, and the bishoprics of See also:Chartres, See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans and See also:Meaux were transferred to the new See also:jurisdiction. In 1791 the archbishopric was reduced to a bishopric of the department of Yonne. Suppressed in 18oi, the see was restored in 1817 with the See also:rank of archbishopric. The town was occupied by the See also:Allies in 1814 and by the Germans in 1870-1871.
End of Article: SENS
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