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Japanese wolf (C. hodophylax) may be distinct, although, except for its smaller size and shorter legs, it is scarcely distinguishable from the common species. The wolf enters the N.W. corner of See also:

India, but in the See also:

peninsula is replaced by the more See also:

jackal-like C. pallipes, which is probably a member of the jackal See also:

GROUP

group, and not a wolf at all. The See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour of the wolf is yellowish or f ulvous See also:

grey, but almost pure See also:

white and entirely See also:

black wolves are known. In See also:

NORTHERN

northern countries the fur is longer and thicker, and the See also:

animal generally larger and more powerful than in the See also:

SOUTHERN

southern portion of its range. Its habits are similar everywhere and it is still, and has been from See also:

time immemorial, especially known to See also:

man in all the countries it inhabits as the devastator of See also:

sheep flocks. Wolves do not catch their See also:

PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey by lying in See also:

AMBUSH (older form, " embush," O. Fr. embusche, from the Ital. imboscata, in and bosco, a wood)

ambush, or stealing up See also:

close and making a sudden See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring, but by fairly See also:

RUNNING

running it down in open See also:

chase, which their See also:

SPEED, JOHN (1552–1629)

speed and remarkable endurance enable them to do. Except during summer when the See also:

young families of cubs are being separately provided for by their parents, they assemble in troops or packs. often in relays, and by theircombined and persevering efforts are able to overpower and kill See also:

deer, antelopes and wounded animals of all sizes.

It is singular that such closely allied species as the domestic See also:

dog and the See also:

ARCTIC (Gr. "ApKroc, the Bear, the northern constellation of Ursa Major)

Arctic See also:

fox are among the favourite prey of wolves, and, as is well known, See also:

CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children and even full-grown See also:

PEOPLE

people are not in-frequently the See also:

OBJECTS

objects of their attack when pressed by See also:

HUNGER

hunger. Notwithstanding the proverbial ferocity of the wolf in a wild See also:

state, many instances are recorded of animals taken when quite young becoming tame and attached to the See also:

PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person who has brought them up, when they exhibit many of the ways of a dog. They can, however, rarely be trusted by strangers. The See also:

HISTORY

history of the wolf in the See also:

BRITISH

British Isles, and its See also:

GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual extirpation, has been thoroughly investigated by Mr J. E. Harting in his See also:

WORK

work on See also:

EXTINCT

Extinct British Animals, from which the following See also:

account is abridged. To See also:

JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge by the osteological remains which the re-searches of geologists have brought to See also:

LIGHT

light, there was perhaps scarcely a See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county in See also:

England or See also:

WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales in which, at one time or another, wolves did not abound, while in See also:

Scotland and See also:

Ireland they must have been still more numerous. The fossil remains which have been discovered in See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain are not larger than, nor in any way to be distinguished from, the corresponding bones and See also:

TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth of See also:

EUROPEAN

European wolves of the present See also:

day. Wolf-See also:

HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting was a favourite pursuit of the See also:

ancient Britons as well as of the Anglo-See also:

SAXONS

Saxons. In See also:

ATHELSTAN (c. 894-940)

Athelstan's reign these animals abounded to such an extent in See also:

York-See also:

SHIRE

shire that a See also:

RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat was built by one Acehorn, at Flixton, near See also:

FILEY

Filey, wherein travellers might seek See also:

REFUGE

refuge if attacked by them. As is well known, great efforts were made by See also:

King See also:

Edgar to reduce the number of wolves in the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, but, notwithstanding the See also:

ANNUAL

annual See also:

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute of 300 skins paid to him during several years by the king of Wales, he was not altogether so successful as has been commonly imagined. In the reign of See also:

Henry III. wolves were sufficiently numerous in some parts of the country to induce the king to make grants of See also:

LAND

land to various individuals upon the See also:

EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of their taking See also:

MEASURES

measures to destroy these animals wherever they could be found.

In See also:

EDWARD

Edward II.'s time, the king's See also:

FOREST

forest of the See also:

PEAK, THE

Peak, in See also:

DERBYSHIRE

Derbyshire, is especially mentioned as infested with wolves, and it was not until the reign of Henry VII. (1485–1509) that wolves appear to have become finally extinct in England. This, however, is rather a See also:

MATTER

matter of inference from the cessation of all mention of them in local records than from any definite See also:

EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of their extirpation. Their last retreat was probably in the desolate wolds of See also:

YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire. In Scotland, as might be supposed from the nature of the country, the wolf maintained its hold for a much longer See also:

period. There is a well-known See also:

story of the last of the See also:

RACE

race being killed by See also:

Sir Ewen See also:

Cameron of Lochiel in 168o, but there is evidence of wolves having survived in See also:

SUTHERLANDSHIRE

Sutherlandshire and other parts into the following See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century (perhaps as See also:

LATE

late as 1743), though the date of their final extinction cannot be accurately fixed. In Ireland, in See also:

Cromwell's time, wolves were particularly troublesome, and said to be increasing in See also:

numbers, so that See also:

SPECIAL

special measures were taken for their destruction, such as the offering of large rewards for their heads, and the See also:

PROHIBITION (Lat. prohibere, to prevent)

prohibition (in 1652) of the exportation of " wolf-dogs," the large dogs used for hunting the wolves. The active measures taken then and later reduced their numbers greatly, so that towards the end of the century they became scarce, but, as in the See also:

case of the See also:

SISTER

sister See also:

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island, the date of their final disappearance cannot now be ascertained. It has been placed, upon the evidence of somewhat doubtful traditions, as late as 1766. It is owing to their position that the British Islands have been able to clear themselves of these formidable and destructive animals, for See also:

France, with no natural barriers to prevent their incursions from the See also:

CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent to the See also:

east, is liable every See also:

winter to visits from numbers of these animals. (W. H.

F. ; R. L.

End of Article: WOLF (Canis lupus)

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