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See also:CHASE, See also:SALMON See also:PORTLAND (1808-1873) , See also:American states-See also:man and jurist, was See also:born in Cornish township, New See also:Hampshire, on the 13th of See also:January 18o8. His See also:father died in 1817, and the son passed several years (182o-1824) in See also:Ohio with his See also:uncle, See also:Bishop Philander Chase (1775-1852), the foremost See also:pioneer of the See also:Protestant Episcopal See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church in the See also:West, the first bishop of Ohio (1819-1831), and after 1835 bishop of See also:Illinois. He graduated at See also:Dartmouth See also:College in 1826, and after studying See also:law under See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Wirt, See also:attorney-See also:general of the See also:United States, in See also:Washington, D.C., was admitted to the See also:bar in 1829, and removed to See also:Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1830. Here he, soon gained a position of prominence at the bar, and published an annotated edition, which See also:long remained See also:standard, of the See also:laws of Ohio. At a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time when public See also:opinion in Cincinnati was largely dominated by See also:Southern business connexions, Chase, influenced probably by See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James G. See also:Birney, associated himself after about 1836 with the See also:anti-See also:slavery See also:movement, and became recognized as the See also:leader of the See also:political reformers as opposed to the Garrisonian abolitionists. To the cause he freely gave his services as a lawyer, and was particularly conspicuous as counsel for fugitive slaves seized in Ohio for rendition to slavery under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793—indeed, he came to be known as the " attorney-general of fugitive slaves." His See also:argument (147) in the famous See also:Van Zandt See also:case before the United. States Supreme See also:Court attracted particular See also:attention, though in this as in other cases of the See also:kind the See also:judgment was against him. In brief he contended that slavery was " See also:local, not See also:national," that it could exist only by virtue of See also:positive See also:State Law, that the Federal See also:government was not empowered by the Constitution to create slavery anywhere, and that " when a slave leaves the See also:jurisdiction of a state he ceases to be a slave, because he continues to be a man and leaves behind him the law which made him a slave." In 1841 he abandoned the Whig party, with which he had previously been affiliated, and for seven years was the undisputed leader of the See also:Liberty party in Ohio; he was remarkably skilful in drafting platforms and addresses, and it was he who prepared the national Liberty See also:platform of 1843 and the Liberty address of 1845. Realizing in time that a third party movement could not succeed, he took the See also:lead during the See also:campaign of 1848 in combining the Liberty party with the Barnburners or Van Buren Democrats of New See also:York to See also:form the See also:Free-Soilers. He drafted the famous Free-See also:Soil platform, and it was largely through his See also:influence that Van Buren was nominated for the See also:presidency. His See also:object, how-ever, was not to establish a permanent new party organization, but to bring pressure to See also:bear upon See also:Northern Democrats to force them to adopt a policy opposed to the further See also:extension of slavery.
In 1849 he was elected to the United States See also:Senate as the result of a See also:coalition between the Democrats and a small See also:group of Free-Soilers in the state legislature; and for some years thereafter, except in 1852, when he rejoined the Free-Soilers, he classed himself as an See also:Independent Democrat, though he was out of See also:harmony with the leaders of the Democratic party. During his service in the Senate (1849-1855) he was pre-eminently the See also:champion of anti-slavery in that See also:body, and no one spoke more ably than he did against the See also:Compromise See also:Measures of 1850 and the See also:Kansas-See also:Nebraska See also:Bill of 1854. The Kansas-Nebraska legislation, and the subsequent troubles in Kansas, having convinced him of the futility of trying to influence the Democrats, he assumed the leadership in the See also:North-west of the movement to form a new party to oppose the extension of slavery. The "See also:Appeal of the Independent Democrats in See also:Congress to the See also:People of the United States," written by Chase and See also:Giddings, and published in the New York Times of the 24th of January 1854, may be regarded as the earliest draft of the Republican party creed. He was the first Republican See also:governor of Ohio,,
serving from 1855 to 1859. Although, with the exception of See also:Seward, he was the most prominent Republican in the See also:country, and had done more against slavery than any other Republican, he failed to secure the nomination for the presidency in 1860, partly because his views on the question of See also:protection were not orthodox from a Republican point of view, and partly because the old See also:line Whig See also:element could not forgive his coalition with the Democrats in the senatorial campaign of 1849; his uncompromising and conspicuous anti-slavery See also:record, too, was against him from the point of view of " availability." As secretary of the See also:treasury in See also:President See also:Lincoln's See also:cabinet in '861–1864, during the first three years of the See also:Civil See also:War, he rendered services of the greatest value. That See also:period of crisis witnessed two See also:great changes in American See also:financial policy, the See also:establishment of a national banking See also:system and the issue of a legal See also:tender See also:paper currency. The former was Chase's own particular measure. He suggested the See also:idea, worked out all of the important principles and many of the details, and induced Congress to accept them. The success of that system alone warrants his being placed in the first See also:rank of American financiers. It not only secured an immediate See also:market for government bonds, but it also provided a permanent See also:uniform national currency, which, though inelastic, is absolutely See also:stable. The issue of legal tenders, the greatest financial blunder of the war, was made contrary to his wishes, although he did not, as he perhaps ought to have done, push his opposition to the point of resigning.
Perhaps Chase's See also:chief defect as a statesman was an insatiable See also:desire for supreme See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office. It was partly this ambition, and also temperamental See also:differences from the president, which led him to retire from the cabinet in See also:June 1864. A few months later (See also:December 6, 1864) he was appointed chief See also:justice of the United States Supreme Court to succeed See also:Judge See also:Taney, a position which he held until his See also:death in 1873. Among his most important decisions were See also:Texas v. See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White (7 See also:Wallace, 7oo), 1869, in which he asserted that the Constitution provided for an " in-destructible See also:union composed of indestructible states," Veazie See also:Bank v. Fenno (8 Wallace, 533), 1869, in See also:defence of that See also:part of the banking legislation of the Civil War which imposed a tax of to% on state bank-notes, and See also:Hepburn v. See also:Griswold (8 Wallace, 603), 1869, which declared certain parts of the legal tender acts to be unconstitutional. When the legal tender decision was reversed after the See also:appointment of new See also:judges, 1871-1872 (Legal Tender Cases, 12 Wallace, 457), Chase prepared a' very able dissenting opinion. Toward the end of his See also:life he gradually drifted back toward his old Democratic position, and made an unsuccessful effort to secure the nomination of the Democratic party for the presidency in 1872. He died in New York See also:city on the 7th of May 1873. Chase was one of the ablest political leaders of the Civil War period, and deserves to be placed in the front rank of American statesmen.
The. standard See also:biography is A. B. See also:Hart's Salmon Portland Chase in the " American Statesmen See also:Series " (1899). Less philosophical, but containing a greater See also:wealth of detail, is J. W. Shuckers' Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase (New York, 1874). R. B. See also:Warden's See also:Account of the Private Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase (Cincinnati, 1874) deals more fully with Chase's private life.
End of Article: CHASE, SALMON PORTLAND (1808-1873)
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