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See also:BIRNEY, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES See also:GILLESPIE (1792–1857) , See also:American reformer, See also:leader of the conservative abolitionists in the See also:United States from about 1835 to 1845, was See also:born in See also:Danville, See also:Kentucky, of a See also:family of See also:wealth and See also:influence, on the 4th of See also:February 1792. He graduated at the See also:College of New See also:Jersey (now See also:Princeton University) in 181o. In 1814, after a course of legal study, he began the practice of the See also:law at Danville. He entered immediately, as a Democrat, into Kentucky politics, and See also:political ambition caused his removal in 1818 to See also:northern See also:Alabama, near See also:Huntsville. There was at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in the See also:south-See also:west much See also:anti-See also:slavery sentiment. Birney's See also:father was among those who advocated a " See also:free See also:state " constitution for Kentucky, and the See also:home environment of the boy had thus fostered a questioning attitude towards slavery, though later he was himself a slave-holder. In the See also:general See also:assembly of Kentucky in 1816, and in that of Alabama in 1819, he opposed inter-state rendition of fugitive slaves and championed liberal slave-See also:laws. His career as a lawyer in Alabama was exceptionally brilliant; but his political career was abruptly wrecked by his opposition in 1819 to See also:Andrew See also:Jackson, whose See also:friends controlled the state. His See also:tariff and anti-slavery views, moreover, carried him more and more away from the Democratic party and toward the Whigs.
About 1826 he began to show an active See also:interest in the American Colonization Society, and in 1832–1833 served as its See also:agent in the south-west. In 1833 he returned to Danville, and devoted himself wholly to the anti-slavery cause. He freed his own slaves in 1834. Convinced that See also:gradual emancipation would merely stimulate the inter-state slave See also:trade, and that the dangers of a mixed labour See also:system were greater than those of emancipation in See also:mass, he formally repudiated colonization in 1834; moreover, gradualism had become for him an unjustifiable See also:compromise in a See also:matter of See also:religion and See also:justice. At this time also he abandoned the Whig party. He delivered anti-slavery addresses in the See also:North, accepted the See also:vice-See also:presidency of the American Anti-Slavery Society and announced his intention to establish an anti-slavery See also:journal at Danville (1835). For this he was ostracized from Kentucky society; his anti-slavery See also:journals were withheld in the mails; he could not secure a public See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall or a printer. In these circumstances, he removed to See also:Cincinnati, See also:Ohio, and there, in See also:January 1836, founded the Philanthropist, which, in spite of rancorous opposition, became of See also:great influence in the north-west. Birney soon relinquished its active See also:control in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to serve the Anti-Slavery Society as secretary and as a lecturer. He favoured immediatism, but he differed sharply from the Garrisonian abolitionists, who abhorred the federal Constitution and favoured See also:secession. He always wrote, spoke and laboured for the permanent safety of the See also:Union. The assaults of the South in See also:defence of slavery upon free speech, free See also:press, the right of See also:petition and trial by See also:jury, he pronounced
" exorbitant claims . . . on the liberties of the free states "; the contest had become, he said, " one not alone of freedom for the blacks but of freedom for the whites." Twenty-three years before See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William H. See also:Seward characterized as an " irrepressible conflict" the antagonism between freedom and slavery, Birney proclaimed: " There will be no cessation of conflict until slavery shall be exterminated or See also:liberty destroyed "—" liberty and slavery cannot both live in juxtaposition " (1835). The ends being political, so also, thought Birney, must be the means; as parties in the south were fusing, he laboured to re-align parties in the north, and advocated the formation of an See also:independent anti-slavery party. After the separation of the Garrisonian and the political abolitionists in 1840 the new party was formed, and in 1840, and again in 1844, as the Liberty party (q.v.), it made Birney its See also:candidate for the presidency. In 1840 he received 7069 votes; in 1844, 62,263. A fall from his See also:horse in 1845 made him a hopeless invalid, and completely removed him from public See also:life. He died at See also:Perth Amboy, New Jersey, on the 25th of See also:November 1857.
Two of Birney's sons, William Birney (1819-1907) and See also:David See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
Bell Birney (1825-1864), were prominent as See also:officers on the Federal See also:side during the See also:Civil See also:War in See also:America.
See James G. Birney and His Times (New See also:York, 189o), by his son, William Birney; and his See also:principal writings: On the See also:Sin of Holding Slaves (1834). See also:Letter on Colonization (1834), Vindication of Abolitionists (1835), American Churches the See also:Bulwark of American Slavery (1840, 3rd ed. 1885) ; Speeches in See also:England (184o) ; and See also:Case of Strader et al. v. See also:Graham (1852).
End of Article: BIRNEY, JAMES GILLESPIE (1792–1857)
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