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ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 972 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly) , the See also:Christian Apostle, See also:brother of See also:Simon See also:Peter, was See also:born at Bethsaida on the See also:Lake of See also:Galilee. He had been a See also:disciple of See also:John the Baptist (John i. 37-40) and was one of the first to follow Jesus. He lived at See also:Capernaum (See also:Mark i. 29). In the See also:gospel See also:story he is referred to as being See also:present on some important occasions as one of the disciples more closely attached to Jesus (Mark xiii. 3; John vi. 8, xii. 22); in Acts there is only a See also:bare mention of him (i. 13). Tradition relates that he preached in See also:Asia See also:Minor and in See also:Scythia. along the See also:Black See also:Sea as far as the See also:Volga.

Hence he became a See also:

patron See also:saint of See also:Russia. He is said to have suffered crucifixion at See also:Patras (Patrae) in See also:Achaea, on a See also:cross of the See also:form called Crux decussata (X) and commonly known as " St Andrew's cross." According to tradition his See also:relics were removed from Patras to See also:Constantinople, and thence to St See also:Andrews (see below). The apocryphal See also:book, The Acts of Andrew, mentioned by See also:Eusebius, See also:Epiphanius and others, is generally attributed to Leucius the Gnostic. It was edited and published by C. See also:Tischendorf in the Ada Apostolorum apocrypha (See also:Leipzig, 1821). This book, as well as a Gospel of St Andrew, was declared apocryphal by a See also:decree of See also:Pope See also:Gelasius. Another version of the Andrew See also:legend is found in the Passio Andreae, published by Max See also:Bonnet (Supplementum II Codicis apocryphi, See also:Paris, 1895). On this was founded an Anglo-Saxon poem (" Andreas and Elene," first published by J. See also:Grimm, 1841; cf. C. W. See also:Goodwin, The Anglo-Saxon Legends of S.

Andreas and S. See also:

Veronica, 1851). The festival of St Andrew is held on the 3oth of See also:November. See APoe RYPHAL LITERATURE; also See also:Lipsius, See also:Die apokryphen Apostelgeschichten vnd Apostellegenden, vol. i. (1883), and See also:Hastings' See also:Dictionary of the See also:Bible, s.v. Scottish Legends.—About the See also:middle of the 8th See also:century Andrew became the patron saint of See also:Scotland. Concerning this there are several legends which See also:state that the relics of Andrew were brought under supernatural guidance from Constantinople to the See also:place where the See also:modern St Andrews stands (Pictish, Muckross; Gaelic, Kilrymont). The See also:oldest stories (preserved in the Colbertine See also:MSS., Paris, and the Harleian MSS. in the See also:British Museum) state that the relics were brought by one See also:Regulus to the Pictish See also:king See also:Angus (or Ungus) Macfergus (c. 731-761). The only See also:historical Regulus (Riagail or See also:Rule, whose name is preserved by the See also:tower of St Rule) was an Irish See also:monk expelled from See also:Ireland with St See also:Columba; his date, however, is c. 573–600. There are See also:good reasons for supposing that the relics were origin-ally in the collection of Acca, See also:bishop of See also:Hexham, who took them into Pictland when he was driven from Hexham (c.

732), and founded a see, not, according to tradition, in See also:

Galloway, but on the site of St Andrews. The connexion with Regulus is, therefore, due in all See also:probability to the See also:desire to date the See also:foundation of the See also:church at St Andrews as See also:early as possible. See A. See also:Lang, St Andrews (See also:London, 1893), pp. 4 ff. ; W. F. See also:Skene, See also:Celtic Scotland; also the See also:article ST ANDREWS.

End of Article: ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)

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