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Louvain by his parents, who feared that he might be induced to become a member of the Society of Jesus. The publication of his Variarum Lectionum Libri Tres (1567), dedicated to See also:

CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

GRANVELLA, ANTOINE PERRENOT, CARDINAL DE

Granvella, procured him an See also:

APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment as Latin secretary and a visit to See also:

Rome in the See also:

RETINUE (O. Fr. retenue, from retenir, Lat. retenere, hold back, retain)

retinue of the cardinal. Here Lipsius remained two years, devoting his spare See also:

time to the study of the Latin See also:

CLASSICS

classics, See also:

COLLECTING

collecting See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions and examining See also:

MSS. in the Vatican. A second See also:

VOLUME

volume of See also:

MISCELLANEOUS

miscellaneous See also:

criticism (Antiquarum Lectionum Libri Quinque, 1575), published after his return from Rome, compared with the Variae Lectiones of eight years earlier, shows that he had advanced from the notion of purely conjectural emendation to that of emending by See also:

COLLATION (Lat. collatio, from conferre, to bring together or compare)

collation. In 1570 he wandered over See also:

BURGUNDY

Burgundy, See also:

Germany, See also:

Austria, Bohemia, and was engaged for more than a See also:

YEAR

year as teacher in the university of See also:

JENA

Jena, a position which implied an outward conformity to the Lutheran See also:

Church. On his way back to Louvain, he stopped some time at Cologne, where he must have comported himself as a See also:

CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic. He then returned to Louvian, but was soon driven by the See also:

CIVIL

Civil See also:

War to take See also:

REFUGE

refuge in See also:

Antwerp, where he received, in 1579, a See also:

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call to the newly founded university of See also:

LEIDEN

Leiden. as See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

HISTORY

history. At Leiden, where he must have passed as a Calvinist, Lipsius remained eleven years, the See also:

period of his greatest productivity. It was now that he prepared his See also:

SENECA

Seneca, perfected, in successive See also:

EDITIONS

editions, his See also:

Tacitus and brought out a See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of See also:

WORKS

works, some of pure scholarship, others collections from classical authors, others again of See also:

general See also:

INTEREST

interest. Of this latter class was a See also:

TREATISE

treatise on politics (Politicoruna Libri See also:

SEX (Lat. sexes; possibly connected with secure, to cut)

Sex, 1589), in which he showed that, though a public teacher in a See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country which professed See also:

TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

toleration, he had not departed from the See also:

state See also:

MAXIMS, LEGAL

maxims of See also:

Alva and See also:

Philip II. He See also:

LAYS

lays it down that a See also:

government should recognize only one See also:

religion, and that dissent should be extirpated by See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and See also:

SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword.

From the attacks to which this avowal exposed him, he was saved by the prudence of the authorities of Leiden, who prevailed upon him to publish a See also:

DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration that his expression, lire, seta, was a See also:

METAPHOR

metaphor for a vigorous treatment. In the See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1J90, leaving Leiden under pretext of taking the See also:

WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters at See also:

Spa, he went to See also:

MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, where he was reconciled to the See also:

ROMAN

Roman Catholic Church. The event deeply interested the Catholic See also:

WORLD

world, and invitations poured in on Lipsius from the courts and See also:

UNIVERSITIES

universities of See also:

Italy, Austria and See also:

Spain. But he preferred to remain in his own country, and finally settled at Louvain, as professor of Latin in the Collegium Buslidianum. He was not expected to See also:

TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach, and his trifling See also:

STIPEND

stipend was eked out by the appointments of privy councillor and historiographer to the kingof Spain. He continued to publish See also:

DISSERTATIONS

dissertations as before, the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief being his De See also:

MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia See also:

ROMANA

romana (Antwerp, 1595) and Lovanium (Antwerp, 16o5; 4th ed., See also:

Wesel, 1671), intended as an introduction to a general history of Brabant. He died at Louvian on the 23rd of See also:

March (some give 24th of See also:

APRIL

April) 16o6. Lipsius's knowledge of classical antiquity was extremely limited. He had but slight acquaintance with See also:

Greek, and in Latin literature the poets and See also:

CICERO

Cicero See also:

lay outside his range. His greatest See also:

WORK

work was his edition of Tacitus. This author he had so completely made his own that he could repeat the whole, and offered to be tested in any See also:

PART

part of the See also:

TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text, with a See also:

PONIARD

poniard held to his See also:

BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast, to be used against him if he should fail. His Tacitus first appeared in 1575, and was five times revised and corrected—the last time in ,6o6, shortly before his See also:

DEATH

death.

His See also:

OPERA (Italian for " work ")

Opera Omnia appeared in 8 vols. at Antwerp (1585, and ed., 1637). A full See also:

list of his publications will be found in See also:

van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden (1865), and in Bibliographic Lipsienne (See also:

GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

Ghent, 1886-1888). In addition to the See also:

BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography by A. le Mire (Aubertus Miraeus) (1609), the only See also:

ORIGINAL

original See also:

account of his See also:

LIFE

life, see M. E. C. See also:

NISARD, JEAN MARIE NAPOLEON DESIRE (18o6-1888)

Nisard, Le Triumviral litteraire au X VI° siecle (1852); A. Rass, See also:

Die Convertiten seit der See also:

Reformation (1867); P. See also:

BERGMAN, TORBERN OLOF (1735-1784)

Bergman's Autobiographic de J. Lipse (1889); L. Galesloot, Particularites sur la See also:

vie de J. Lipse (1877); E. Amiel, Un Publicisle du )(VI' siecle.

Juste Lipse (1884); and L. See also:

Muller, Geschichte der klassischen Philologie in den Niederlanden. The articles by J. J. Thonissen of Louvain in the Nouvelle Biographic generale, and L. Roersch in Biographic nationale de Belgique, may also be consulted.

End of Article: LIPSIUS, JUSTUS (1547-16o6)

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