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MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 962 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MULLER, JOHANNES See also:PETER (18o1-1858) , See also:German physiologist and See also:comparative anatomist, was See also:born at See also:Coblenz on the 14th of See also:July 18o,. In 1819 he entered See also:Bonn University, where he became privatdocent in 1824, extraordinary See also:professor of See also:physiology in 1826, and See also:ordinary professor in 183o. In 1883 he removed to the university of See also:Berlin, where he filled the See also:chair of See also:anatomy and physiology with See also:great distinction until his See also:death on the 28th of See also:April 1858. Muller made numerous researches in various departments of physiology, and in particular he extended knowledge as to the mechanism of See also:voice, speech and See also:hearing, and as to the chemical and See also:physical properties of See also:lymph, chyle and See also:blood. The See also:appearance of his Handbuch der Physiologie See also:des Menschen between 1833 and 184o (translated into See also:English by Dr See also:William Baly, and published in See also:London in 1842) marked the beginning of a new See also:period in the study of physiology. In it, for the first See also:time, the results of human and comparative anatomy, as well as of See also:chemistry and other departments of physical See also:science, were brought to See also:bear on the investigation of physiological problems. The most important portion of the See also:work was that dealing with See also:nervous See also:action and the mechanism of the senses. Here he stated the principle, not before recognized, that the See also:kind of sensation following stimulation of a sensory See also:nerve does not depend on the mode of stimulation but upon the nature of the sense-See also:organ. Thus See also:light, pressure, or See also:mechanical stimulation acting on the retina and optic nerve invariably produces luminous impressions. This he termed the See also:law of the specific See also:energy of sense substances. In the later See also:part of his See also:life he chiefly devoted himself to comparative anatomy. Fishes and marine invertebrata were his favourite subjects.

Muller numbered such distinguished physiologists as H. von See also:

Helmholtz, E. Du Bois Reymond and K. F. W. See also:Ludwig among his pupils. In addition to his Handbuch der Physiologie, his publications include Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Gesichtssinns (1826); Uber See also:die phantastischen Gesichtserscheinungen (1826); Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien (183o), in which he traced the development of the Mullerian duct; De glandularum secerneniium structura (183o); Vergleichende Anatomie der Myxinoiden (1834–1843); Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen (1841) with F. G. J. See also:Henle; See also:System der Asteriden (1842) with F. H. Troschel; and Horae ichthyologicae (1845-1849) with the same. After the death of J.

F. Meckel (1781-1833) he edited the Archiv See also:

fur Anatomic and Physiologie.

End of Article: MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)

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