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CHEMISTRY

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 168 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CHEMISTRY , ORGANIC). a-Nilronaphthalene, C16H7•NO2, is formed by the See also:

direct nitration of See also:naphthalene. For its commercial preparation see O. Witt, See also:Die chemische Industrie, 1887, lo, p. 215. It crystallizes in yellow needles, which melt at 61° C., and are readily soluble in See also:alcohol. By the See also:action of nitro-sulphuric See also:acid it is converted into a mixture of 1.5 and 1.8 dinitronaphthalenes (P. Friedlander, Be?'" 1899, 32, p. 3531). When heated with See also:aniline and its salts it yields phenylrosindulin (See also:German patent 67339 (1888)). 13-Nilronaphthalene is prepared by acting with See also:ethyl nitrite on an alcoholic See also:solution of 2-nitro-a-naphthylamine in the presence of sulphuric acid (E. Lellmann and A.

Remy, Ber., 1886, 19, p. 237), or with freshly prepared See also:

potassium cupronitrite on A-naphthalene diazonium sulphate (A. Hantzsch, Ber., 1900, 33, p. 2553). It crystallizes in small yellow needles which melt at 78° C. and are volatile in See also:steam. Sulphonic Acids.—Two monosulphonic acids (a and ,e) result by acting with sulphuric acid on the See also:hydrocarbon, the a-acid pre-dominating at See also:low temperatures (8o° C. and under) and the 0-acid at higher temperatures (170°-200° C.). They are crystalline, hygroscopic compounds and are employed for the manufacture of the See also:naphthols. Numerous di- and tri-sulphonic acids are known. a-Naphthoquinone, C10H602, resembles benzoquinone, and is formed by the oxidation of many a-derivatives of naphthalene with chromic acid. It crystallizes in yellow needles which melt at 125° C. It sublimes readily, is volatile in steam and reduces to the corresponding dihydroxynaphthalene. R Naphthoquinone is formed by oxidizing 2-amino-a-naphthol (from /3-naphthol-See also:orange by reduction) with ferric chloride.

It crystallizes in red needles, which melt at 115° C; it has no See also:

smell and is non-volatile (cf. phenanthrenequinone).See also:Alizarin See also:black,C10H4(OH)202•NaHS03, the See also:sodium bisulphite See also:compound of 7.8 dioxy-anaphthoquinone, is a dyestuff used for See also:printing on See also:cotton in the presence of 'a See also:chromium See also:mordant. The naphthoquinone is prepared by the action of See also:zinc and concentrated sulphuric acid on a-dinitronaphthalene. A 2.6 naphthoquinone results on oxidizing 2.6 dihydroxynaphthalene with See also:lead peroxide. a-Naphthoic acid, C1oH7•CO2H, is formed by See also:hydrolysis of the nitrile, obtained by distilling potassiuma-naphthalene sulphonate with potassium See also:cyanide (V. Merz, Zeit. f. Chemie, 1868, p. 34), or by See also:heating the sulphonate with sodium formate (V. See also:Meyer, See also:Ann.,187o, 156, p. 274). It forms needles which melt at 16o° C. /3-Naphthoic acid, obtained by boiling ,B-methylnaphthalene with dilute nitric acid, or by hydrolysis of its nitrile (formed when formyl-/3-naphthalide is heated with zinc dust), crystallizes from alcohol in needles which melt at 184° C.

End of Article: CHEMISTRY

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