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See also:COBLENZ (KOBLENZ) , a See also:city and fortress of See also:Germany, See also:capital of the Prussian See also:Rhine See also:Province, 57 M. S.E. from See also:Cologne by See also:rail, pleasantly situated on the See also:left See also:bank of the Rhine at its confluence with the See also:Mosel, from which circumstance it derived its See also:ancient name Confluentes, of which Coblenz is a corruption. Pop. (1885) 31,669; (1905) 53,902. Its defensive See also:works are extensive, and consist of strong See also:modern forts crowning the hills encircling the See also:town on the See also:west, and of the citadel of See also:Ehrenbreitstein (q.v.) on the opposite bank of the Rhine. The old city was triangular in shape, two sides being bounded by the Rhine and Mosel and the third by a See also:line of fortifications. The last were razed in 189o, and the town was permitted to expand in this direction. Immediately outside the former walls lies the new central railway station, in which is effected a junction of the
Cologne-See also:Mainz railway with the strategical line See also:Metz-See also:Berlin. The Rhine is crossed by a See also:bridge of boats 485 yds. See also:long, by an See also:iron bridge built for railway purposes in 1864, and, a mile above the town, by a beautiful bridge of two wide and lofty spans carrying the Berlin railway referred to. The Mosel is spanned by a See also:Gothic freestone bridge of 14 See also:arches, erected in 1344, and also by a railway bridge.
The city, down to 189o, consisted of the Altstadt (old city) and the See also:Neustadt (new city) or Klemenstadt. Of these, the Altstadt is closely built and has only a few See also:fine streets and squares, while the Neustadt possesses numerous broad streets and a handsome frontage to the Rhine. In the more ancient See also:part of Coblenz are several buildings which have an See also:historical See also:interest. Prominent among these, near the point of confluence of the See also:rivers, is the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:Castor, with four towers. The church was originally founded in 836 by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis the Pious, but the See also:present Romanesque See also:building was completed in 1208, the Gothic vaulted roof dating from 1498. In front of the church of St Castor stands a See also:fountain, erected by the See also:French in 1812, with an inscription to commemorate See also:Napoleon's invasion of See also:Russia. Not long after, the See also:Russian troops occupied Coblenz; and St See also:Priest, their See also:commander, added in See also:irony these words—" Vu et approuve See also:par nous, Commandant Russe de la Ville de Coblence: Janvier ter, 1814." In this See also:quarter of the town, too, is the Liebfrauenkirche, a fine church (See also:nave 1250, See also:choir 1404–1431) with lofty See also:late Romanesque towers; the See also:castle of the See also:electors of See also:Trier, erected in 1280, which now contains the municipal picture See also:gallery; and the See also:family See also:house of the Metternichs, where See also:Prince Metternich, the See also:Austrian statesman, was See also:born in 1773. In the modern part of the town lies the See also:palace (Residenzschloss), with one front looking towards the Rhine, the other into the Neustadt. It was built in 1778–1786 by See also:Clement See also:Wenceslaus the last elector of Trier, and contains among other curiosities some fine See also:Gobelin tapestries. From it some See also:pretty gardens and promenades (Kaiserin See also:Augusta Anlagen) stretch along the bank of the Rhine, and in them is a memorial to the poet Max von Schenkendorf. A fine statue to the empress Augusta, whose favourite See also:residence was Coblenz, stands in the Luisen-platz. But of all public memorials the most striking is the See also:colossal equestrian statue of the See also:emperor See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William I., erected by the Rhine provinces in 1897, See also:standing on a lofty and massive See also:pedestal, at the point where the Rhine and Mosel meet. Coblenz has also handsome See also:law courts, See also:government buildings, a See also:theatre, a museum of antiquities, a conservatory of See also:music, two high grade See also:schools, a See also:hospital and numerous charitable institutions. Coblenz is a See also:principal seat of the Mosel and Rhenish See also:wine See also:trade, and also does a large business in the export of See also:mineral See also:waters. Its manufactures include pianos, See also:paper, cardboard, machinery, boats and See also:barges. It is an important transit centre for the Rhine See also:railways and for the Rhine See also:navigation.
Coblenz (Confluentes, Covelenz, Cobelenz) was one of the military posts established by See also:Drusus about 9 B.C. Later it was frequently the residence of the Frankish See also:kings, and in 86o and 922 was the See also:scene of ecclesiastical synods. At the former of these, held in the Liebfrauenkirche, took See also:place the reconciliation of Louis the See also:German with his See also:half-See also:brother See also:Charles the Bald. In 1or8 the city, after receiving a See also:charter, was given by the emperor See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II. to the See also:archbishop of Trier (Treves), and it remained in the See also:possession of the archbishop-electors till the See also:close of the 18th See also:century. In 1249–1254 it was surrounded with new walls by Archbishop See also:Arnold II. (of Isenburg); and it was partly to overawe the turbulent townsmen that successive See also:arch-bishops built and strengthened the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein (q.v.) that dominates the city. As a member of the See also:league of the Rhenish cities which took its rise in the 13th century, Coblenz attained to See also:great prosperity; and it continued to advance till the disasters of the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War occasioned a rapid decline. After See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Christopher, elector of Trier, had surrendered Ehrenbreitstein to the French the town received an imperial See also:garrison (1632), which was soon, however, expelled by the Swedes. They in their turn handed the city over to the French, but the imperial forces succeeded in retaking it by
See also:storm (1636). In 1688 it was besieged by the French under See also:Marshal de BoufHers, but they only succeeded in bombarding the Altstadt into ruins, destroying among other buildings the old merchants' See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall (Kaufhaus), which was restored in its present See also:form in 1725. In 1786 the elector of Trier, Clement Wenceslaus of See also:Saxony, took up his residence in the town, and gave great assistance in its See also:extension and improvement; a few years later it became, through the invitation of his See also:minister, See also:Ferdinand, Freiherr von Duminique, one of the principal See also:rendezvous of the French emigres. This See also:drew down upon the archbishop-elector the wrath of the French republicans; in 1794 Coblenz was taken by the Revolutionary See also:army under Marceau (who See also:fell during the See also:siege), and, after the See also:peace of See also:Luneville, it was made the See also:chief town of the Rhine and Mosel See also:department (1798). In 1814 it was occupied by the Russians, by the See also:congress of See also:Vienna it was assigned to See also:Prussia, and in 1822 it was made the seat of government of the Rhine province.
See See also:Daniel, Deutschland (See also:Leipzig, 1895) ; W. A. See also:Gunther, Geschichte der Stadt Koblenz (Cobl., 1815) ; and See also:Bar, Urkunden and Akten zur Geschichte der Verfassung and Verwaltung der Stadt Koblenz bis zum Jahre 1500 (See also:Bonn, 1898).
End of Article: COBLENZ (KOBLENZ)
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