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HEXHAM , a See also:market See also:town in the Hexham See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Northumberland, See also:England, 21 M. W. from See also:Newcastle by the See also:Carlisle See also:branch of the See also:North-Eastern railway, served also from See also:Scotland by a branch of the North See also:British railway. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (1901) 7107. It is pleasantly situated beneath the hills on the S. See also:bank of the See also:Tyne, and its market square and narrow streets See also:bear many marks of antiquity. It is famous for its See also:great See also:abbey See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:Andrew. This See also:building, as renovated in the 12th See also:century, was to consist of See also:nave and transepts, See also:choir and aisles, and massive central See also:tower. The Scots are believed to have destroyed the nave in 1296, but it may be doubted if it was ever completed. In 1536 the last See also:prior was hanged for being concerned in the insurrection called the See also:Pilgrimage of See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
Grace. The church as it stands is a See also:fine See also:monument of See also:Early See also:English See also:work, with Transitional details. Within, although it suffered much loss during a restoration c. 1858, there are several See also:objects of See also:interest. Among these are a See also:Roman slab, carved with figures of a horseman trampling upon an enemy, several fine tombs and stones of the 13th and 14th centuries, the See also:frith or fridstool of See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, believed to be the See also:original See also:bishop's See also:throne, and the fine Perpendicular roodscreen of See also:oak, retaining its See also:loft. The See also:crypt, discovered in 1726, is See also:part of the Saxon church, and a See also:note-worthy example of See also:architecture of the See also:period. Its material is Roman, some of the stones having Roman See also:inscriptions. These were brought from the Roman See also:settlement at See also:Corbridge, 4 M. E. of Hexham on the N. bank of the Tyne; for Hexham itself was not a Roman station. In 1832 a See also:vessel containing about 8000 Saxon coins was discovered in the See also:churchyard. Fragments of the monastic buildings remain, and See also:west of the churchyard is the monks' See also:park, known as the See also:Seal, and now a See also:promenade, commanding beautiful views. In the town are two strong castellated towers of the 14th century, known as the See also:Moot See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall and the See also:Manor See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
Office. Their names explain their use, but they were doubtless also intended as defensive See also:works. In the interesting and beautiful neighbourhood of Hexham there should be noticed Aydon See also:castle near Corbridge, a fortified See also:house of the See also:late 13th century; and Dilston or Dyvilston, a typical border fortress dating from See also:Norman times, of which only a tower and small See also:chapel remain. It is replete with memories of the last See also:earl of See also:Derwentwater, who was beheaded in 1716 for his part in the See also:Stuart rising of the previous See also:year, and was buried in the chapel. There is an Elizabethan See also:grammar school. Hexham and Newcastle See also:form a Roman See also:Catholic bishopric, with the See also:cathedral at New-castle. There are manufactures of See also:leather gloves and other goods, and in the neighbourhood See also:barytes and See also:coal mines and extensive market gardens.
The church and monastery at Hexham (Hextoldesham) were founded about 673 by See also:Wilfrid, See also:archbishop of See also:York, who is said to have received a See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of the whole of Hexhamshire from ~Ethelhryth, See also:queen of See also:Northumbria, and a grant of See also:sanctuary in his
church from the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. The church in 678 became the See also:head of the new see of See also:Bernicia, which was See also:united to that of Lindisfarne about 821, when the bishop of Lindisfarne appears to have taken See also:possession of the lordship which he and his successors held until it was restored to the archbishop of York by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II. The archbishops appear to have had almost royal See also:power throughout the See also:liberty, including the rights of trying all pleas of the See also:crown in their See also:court, of taking inquisitions and of See also:taxation. In 1545 the archbishop exchanged Hexhamshire with the king for other See also:property, and in 1572 all the See also:separate privileges which had belonged to him were taken away, and the liberty was annexed to the See also:county of Northumberland. Hexham was a See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough by See also:prescription, and governed by a See also:bailiff at least as early as 1276, and the same form of See also:government continued until 1853. In 1343 the men of Hexham were accused of pretending to be Scots and imprisoning many See also:people of Northumberland and See also:Cumberland, killing some and extorting ransoms for others. The Lancastrians were defeated in 1464 near Hexham, and See also:legend says that it was in the See also:woods See also:round the town that Queen See also:Margaret and her son hid until their See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape to See also:Flanders. In 1522 the bishop of Carlisle complained to See also:Cardinal See also:Wolsey, then archbishop of York, that the English thieves committed more thefts than " all the Scots of Scotland," the men of Hexham being worst of all, and appearing roo strong at the markets held in Hexham, so that the men whom they had robbed dared not complain or " say one word to them." This See also:state of affairs appears to have continued until the See also:accession of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I., and in 1595 the bailiff and constables of Hexham were removed as being " infected with See also:combination and See also:toleration of thieves." Hexham was at one See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the market town of a large agricultural district. In 1227 a market on See also:Monday and a See also:fair on the See also:vigil and See also:day of St See also:Luke the Evangelist were granted to the archbishop, and in 1320 Archbishop Melton obtained the right of holding two new fairs on the feasts of St James the Apostle lasting five days and of SS. See also:Simon and See also:Jude lasting six days. The market day was altered to Tuesday in 1662, and See also:Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Fenwick, then See also:lord of the manor, received a grant of a See also:cattle market on the Tuesday after the feast of St See also:Cuthbert in See also:March and every Tuesday fortnight until the feast of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin. The market rights were See also:purchased from See also:Wentworth B. See also:Beaumont, lord of the manor, in 1886. During the 17th and 18th centuries Hexham was noted for the leather See also:trade, especially for the manufacture of gloves, but in the loth century the trade began to decline. Coal mines which had belonged to the archbishop, were sold to Sir See also:John Fenwick, Kt., in 1628. Hexham has never been represented in See also:parliament, but gives its name to one of the four parliamentary divisions of the county.
See See also:Edward See also:Bateson and A. B. Hinds, A See also:History of Northumberland vol. iii. (1893–1896) ; A. B. See also:Wright, An See also:Essay towards the History of Hexham (1823) ; James See also:Hewitt, A Handbook to Hexham and its Antiquities (1879).
End of Article: HEXHAM
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