|
See also:NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND See also:DUKES OF . The earldom, and later the dukedom, of Northumberland, famous in See also:English See also:history by its connexion with the See also:noble See also:house of See also:Percy (q.v.) is to be traced from an origin anterior to a strictly regulated See also:system of See also:peerage. The Saxon See also:kingdom of See also:Northumbria embraced a far more extensive territory than the See also:modern See also:county of Northumberland; and for at least a See also:century after the See also:Norman See also:Conquest Northumberland, as the name imports, comprised a See also:great portion of the See also:country See also:north of the See also:Humber, including the cities of See also:Durham and of See also:York. The See also:geographical position of this territory, contiguous with the kingdom of See also:Scotland, conferred vast responsibility as well as See also:power on the See also:earl or See also:governor to whom its See also:administration was entrusted; and it appears to have been the policy of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William the Conqueror and his immediate successors to acknowledge the rights of the men who, though sometimes spoken of as earls, were in no strict sense members of the feudal See also:nobility created by the Norman See also:monarchy. William the Conqueror found Northumberland in the See also:possession of See also:Morcar, a younger son of Algar, the Saxon earl of See also:Mercia, who on giving in his submission was confirmed in the See also:government of the See also:district, but was soon afterwards imprisoned for See also:rebellion, and was replaced by Copsi, an See also:uncle of Morcar's predecessor, See also:Tostig. Copsi was murdered a few See also:weeks after receiving the dignity, and the same See also:fate befell several of his successors; those who escaped it being not infrequently deprived of the See also:post for rebellion or incapacity. See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, earl of See also:Huntingdon, only son of See also:David I., See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Scotland, was made governor of Northumberland in 1139, and was styled " earl of Northumberland " by the contemporary chronicler See also:Roger of Hoveden. It was not for a See also:long See also:period, however, that the earldom of Northumberland came into existence as a See also:title of See also:honour heritable according to peerage See also:law. Ever since the Conquest the house of Percy (q.v.) had been growing in power and importance, and at the See also:coronation of See also:Richard II. in 1377 Henry de Percy, 4th See also:Baron Percy, who had distinguished himself in the See also:French See also:wars, officiated as See also:marshal of See also:England, and
was then created earl of Northumberland. With his son See also:Sir Henry Percy, the celebrated " Hotspur, " the earl played a leading See also:part in the turbulent history of the period, especially in bringing about the deposition of Richard II. and the See also:accession of Henry IV. The See also:quarrel of Northumberland and his son with King Henry over the See also:ransom of their Scottish prisoners taken at Homildon See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill on the 14th of See also:September 1402 has been immortalized by See also:Shakespeare; and in consequence of their rebellion all the earl's honours were forfeited in 1406. He was not himself See also:present at the See also:battle of See also:Shrewsbury in See also:July 1403, when Hotspur was killed, but he was slain, heading a fresh rebellion, at Bramham See also:Moor on the 19th of See also:February 1408.
The 1st earl of Northumberland was succeeded by his See also:grandson, Hotspur's son, Henry (c. 1394—1455), who was restored to the earldom and the estates of the Percies in 1414 and was killed at the battle of St Albans in May 1455. The title then descended in the male See also:line till the See also:death of the 6th earl in 1537. During the Wars of the See also:Roses the Percies took the Lancastrian See also:side, which led to the See also:- ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)
attainder of Henry the 3rd earl (1421—1461) during the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Yorkist See also:triumph, his forfeited title being conferred in 1464 by See also:Edward IV. on See also:John See also:Neville, See also:Lord See also:Montagu (see the See also:separate See also:article below), by a patent which was cancelled a few years later. The earldom, together with the See also:barony of See also:Poynings which his See also:father had obtained by See also:marriage, was restored in 1473 to Henry Percy, son of the 3rd earl, who attached himself to Edward IV., acquiesced in the accession of Richard III., and submitted to Henry VII., by whom he was received into favour. His grandson Henry, the 6th earl (c. 1502—1537), See also:left no See also:direct See also:heir, and the latter's See also:nephew, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Percy, was debarred from the See also:succession by an attainder passed on his father for his participation in the See also:Pilgrimage of See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
Grace. In 1549, however, Thomas was restored in See also:blood, and in 1557 he became by a new creation earl of Northumberland, 7th of his line. Meantime, in 1551, John See also:Dudley, earl of See also:Warwick, was created See also:duke of Northumberland (see the separate article below), his title being, however, forfeited by attainder in 1553.
The earldom restored to the house of Percy by the creation of 1557 continued without interruption in the male line till 167o. The 7th earl was beheaded in 1572 for sharing in a See also:conspiracy in which he was joined by the earl of See also:Westmorland with the See also:object of securing the See also:release of See also:Mary See also:Queen of Scots and the See also:free exercise of the See also:Catholic See also:religion. By the earl's attainder the baronies of Percy and of Poynings and the earldom of Northumberland of the older creation were forfeited, but owing to a clause in the patent the newer earldom of Northumberland and the other honours conferred in 1557 passed to his See also:brother Henry (c. 1532—1585), who, however, is usually known as the 8th and not the 2nd earl.
Henry's grandson, ALGERNON PERCY, loth earl of Northumberland (16o2—1668), son of Henry the 9th earl (1564—1632), became a peer in his father's lifetime as Baron Percy in 1626. During the years immediately preceding the See also:Civil See also:War he served as an See also:admiral, making See also:earnest but unsuccessful efforts to reform the See also:navy, and in 1637 he was made lord high admiral of England. In 1639 See also:Charles I. appointed him See also:general of the forces north of the See also:Trent, and a member of the See also:council of regency. Northumberland played a distinguished and See also:honourable part in the troubled times of the Civil War. He was a friend of See also:Strafford, and gave See also:evidence at his trial which, though favourable on the important point of bringing the Irish See also:army to England, was on the whole damaging; and he afterwards leaned more and more towards the popular party, of which he soon became See also:leader in the House of Lords. He was a member of the See also:committee of safety, and later of the committee of both kingdoms; and he took an active part in the attempts to come to terms with the king, whom he visited at See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford for that purpose in 1643 and at See also:Uxbridge two years later. Northumberland helped to organize the new See also:model army; and in 1646 he was entrusted by See also:parliament with the See also:charge of the king's younger See also:children. He led the opposition in the House of Lords to the proposal to bring Charles I. to trial, and during the See also:Commonwealth he took no part in public affairs. At the Restoration he was called
to the privy council by Charles II., and with his habitual modera• tion he deprecated harsh proceedings against the regicides. His second wife, See also:Elizabeth (d. 1705), daughter of See also:Theophilus See also:Howard, 2nd earl of See also:Suffolk, brought him Northumberland House in the Strand, See also:London, which was demolished in 1874 to make See also:room for Northumberland See also:Avenue. On the death of his son Joceline, the 1th earl, in 1670, the male line became See also:extinct.
See also:George See also:Fitzroy (1665—1716), third son of See also:Barbara, duchess of See also:Cleveland, the wife of Roger See also:Palmer, earl of See also:Castlemaine, by King Charles II., was created by his father earl of Northumberland in 1674, and duke in 1683. This second dukedom of Northumberland became extinct on his death at See also:Epsom on the 3rd of July 1716.
Meanwhile Elizabeth Percy, daughter of Joceline, the 11th earl, had married Charles See also:Seymour, 6th duke of See also:Somerset; and her son Algernon, the 7th duke, was in 1749 created Baron See also:Warkworth and earl of Northumberland, with See also:remainder to his son-in-law, Sir See also:Hugh See also:Smithson, See also:Bart., son of Langdale Smithson of Langdale, See also:Yorkshire. Sir Hugh Smithson (c. 1714—1786) took the name and arms of Percy on inheriting the earldom in 1750; in 1766 he was created Earl Percy and duke of Northumberland, and in 1784 he was further created Baron Lovaine of See also:Alnwick, with See also:special remainder to his second son, Lord Algernon Percy. He took a somewhat prominent part in politics as a follower of Lord See also:Bute, and was one of George III.'s confidential advisers, holding the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of lord-See also:lieutenant of See also:Ireland from 1763 to 1765, and that of See also:master of the See also:horse from 1778 to 1780. He was a See also:man of cultivated tastes, and spent large sums of See also:money in repairing and improving Alnwick See also:Castle and his other residences. His wife, Elizabeth (1716—1776), who was a prominent figure in society, inherited in her own right her father's barony of Percy. The duke was succeeded by his eldest son Hugh; and his second son Algernon, Lord Lovaine, was created earl of See also:Beverley in 1790.
Hugh, 2nd duke of this line (1742-1817), first inherited his See also:mother's barony of Percy. He was present at the battle of See also:Minden, and although in parliament, where he was member for See also:Westminster from 1763 to 1776, he had opposed the policy that led to the See also:American war, he proceeded to See also:Boston in 1974 as See also:colonel commanding the 5th Fusiliers, a See also:regiment that has since then been known as the Northumberland Fusiliers. His generosity to his men made him exceedingly popular in the army; he became a general in 1793, and after succeeding to the dukedom in 1786 he exercised considerable See also:influence in politics, though he never obtained office. His son Hugh, 3rd duke (1785—1847), was lord-lieutenant of Ireland in 1829—183o, when the Catholic Emancipation See also:Act was passed, and was pronounced by Sir See also:Robert See also:Peel " the best See also:chief governor that ever presided over the affairs of Ireland." Both he and his brother Algernon, 4th duke (1792—1865), who was created Baron Prudhoe in 1816, died without issue; the barony of Percy devolved on their great-nephew, the duke of See also:Atholl, and the dukedom passed to George (1778—1867), eldest son of Algernon, 1st earl of Beverley, and so to his son, the 6th duke (1810-1899), and grandson, the 7th duke (b. 1846), who married the daughter of the 8th duke of See also:Argyll. The 7th duke's eldest son, Earl Percy (1871—1910), seemed destined to take a great See also:place in public See also:life when he was prematurely cut off; he had a distinguished career at Oxford and from 1895 in the House of See also:Commons, being under-secretary for See also:India in 1902—1903 and under-secretary for See also:foreign affairs in 1903—1905.
See Edward See also:Barrington de See also:Fonblanque, The House of Percy (2 vols., London, 1887); G. E. C(okayne), See also:Complete Peerage, vol. vi. (London, 1895).
End of Article: NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!