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See also:SHREWSBURY, See also:ELIZABETH See also:TALBOT, COUNTESS OF (1518–16o8) , better known by her See also:nickname " Bess of Hardwick," was the daughter and co-heiress of See also:John See also:Hardwicke of Hardwicke in See also:Derbyshire. At the See also:age of fourteen she was married to a John See also:Barlow, the owner of a large See also:estate, who did not See also:long survive the See also:marriage, and as his estates had been settled on her and her heirs, she became a wealthy widow. She remained single till the loth of See also:August 1549, when she married See also:Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Cavendish, who, to please her, sold his lands in the See also:south of See also:England and See also:purchased the See also:Chatsworth estates in Derbyshire. Six See also:children were See also:born of the marriage, three sons and three daughters. One of the sons was the founder of the ducal See also:family of See also:Devonshire, and another of the ducal family of See also:Newcastle. Sir William Cavendish having died on the 25th of See also:October 1557, her third See also:husband was Sir William St Lo (or St Loe or St See also:Lowe), See also:captain of the guard to See also:Queen Elizabeth and owner of an estateat Tormarton in See also:Gloucestershire. She insisted that his lands should be settled on her and her heirs, and when Sir William died without issue, she made See also:good her claim to all his See also:property to the detriment of his See also:sister and See also:cousins. Bess of Hardwick was now the wealthiest subject in England. Her income was calculated to amount to £6o,000, which was relatively a far more important sum then than it is to-See also:day. She still retained much of her good looks; her charms and her See also:wealth outweighed her reputation for rapacity, and she was much sought in marriage. With the approval of Queen Elizabeth, who was not by See also:habit a matchmaker, she was married in 1568 for the See also:fourth See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to See also:George Talbot, 6th See also:earl of Shrewsbury. Bess made her usual good bargain as to settlements, and also insisted on arranging marriages between two of her children by Sir William Cavendish and two of the earl's by a former marriage. In 1574 the countess took See also:advantage of a visit of the countess of See also:Lennox to marry her daughter Elizabeth to See also:Charles See also:Stuart, the younger son of the Lennoxes and See also:brother of See also:Lord See also:Darnley, the second husband of the queen of Scots. She acted without the knowledge of her husband, who declined to accept any responsibility. As the Lennox family had a claim to the See also:throne this match was considered as a See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof of the ambition of the countess of Shrewsbury, and she was sent to the See also:Tower by the queen, but was soon released. The See also:child of the marriage was Arabella Stuart, whom her grandmother treated at first with favour but later on with See also:cruelty and neglect.
By this time the earl of Shrewsbury and his wife were on very See also:bad terms with one another, and the former tried to obtain a See also:divorce. The countess revenged herself by accusing him of a love intrigue with the queen of Scots, a See also:charge which she was forced to retract before the See also:council. In the meantime she had told some filthy See also:scandal about Queen Elizabeth to Queen See also:Mary, who made use of it in the extraordinary See also:letter she wrote some time in 1584. In 1583 the countess of Shrewsbury went to live apart from her husband, with whom she was afterwards reconciled formally by the queen. After his See also:death in 1590 she lived mostly at Hardwicke, where she built the See also:noble See also:mansion which still stands. She was indeed one of the greatest builders of her time at Hardwicke, Chatsworth and Oldcoates. It is said that she believed she would not See also:die so long as she was See also:building. Her death came on the 13th of See also:February 16o8 during a See also:- FROST (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch, vorst, Ger. Frost, from the common Teutonic verb meaning " to freeze," Dutch, vriezcn, Ger. frieren; the Indo-European root is seen in Lat. pruina, hoar-frost, cf. prurire, to itch, burn, pruna, burning coal, Sans
- FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD (1810–1877)
frost which put a stop to her building operations. She was buried in All See also:Saints' See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, See also:Derby, under a See also:fine See also:monument with a laudatory inscription which she took care to put up in her lifetime. Two portraits of her exist at Hardwicke, one taken in her youth, while the second, by See also:Cornelius See also:Janssen, engraved by See also:Vertue, represents her as an old woman. She had no children except by her second husband, and to them she See also:left the vast estates she accumulated by her successive marriages.
See See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White See also:Kennett, See also:Memoirs of the Cavendish Family (See also:London, 1708) ; and Mrs See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith (See also:Miss E. T. See also:Bradley), See also:Life of Arabella Stuart (London, 1889) ; Mrs See also:Stepney Rawson, Bess of Hardwicke (1910).
End of Article: SHREWSBURY, ELIZABETH TALBOT, COUNTESS OF (1518–16o8)
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