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STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 1048 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STUART, See also:SIR See also:JOHN, See also:COUNT 01' MA1DA (1759-1815), See also:British See also:lieutenant-See also:general, was See also:born in See also:Georgia. His See also:father, See also:Colonel John Stuart, was See also:superintendent of See also:Indian affairs in the See also:southern See also:district, and a prominent royalist in the See also:War of See also:Independence. Educated at See also:Westminster School, See also:young Stuart entered the 3rd See also:Foot See also:Guards in 1778, and almost immediately went to See also:America with his See also:regiment. He was See also:present at the See also:siege of See also:Charleston, the battles of See also:Camden and See also:Guildford See also:court-See also:house, and the surrender of See also:Yorktown, returning a regimental lieu-See also:tenant and an See also:army See also:captain, as was then usual in the Guards. Ten years later, as captain and lieutenant-colonel, he was present with the See also:duke of See also:York's army in the See also:Netherlands and in See also:northern See also:France. He took See also:part in the sieges and battles of the 1793 See also:campaign, See also:Valenciennes, Lincelles, See also:Dunkirk and See also:Lannoy. In the following See also:year, now at the See also:head of his See also:battalion, he was present at Landrecies and at See also:Pont-a-See also:Chin or Tournay, and when the See also:tide turned against the See also:allies, he shared with his guards in the discomforts of the See also:retreat. As a brigadier-general he served in See also:Portugal in 1796, and in See also:Minorca in 1799. At See also:Alexandria, in 18or, his handling of his See also:brigade called forth See also:special See also:commendation in general orders, and a year later he became substantive See also:major-general. After two years in command of a brigade in See also:Kent, Stuart went with Sir See also:James See also:Craig to the Mediterranean. The See also:English were employed along with See also:Lacy's Russians in the See also:defence of the See also:kingdom of See also:Naples, but See also:Austerlitz led to the recall of the See also:Russian contingent, and the British soon afterwards evacuated See also:Italy. Thus exposed, Naples See also:fell to the advancing troops of See also:Massena, but See also:Gaeta still held out for See also:King See also:Ferdinand, and Massena's See also:main force soon became locked up in the siege of this fortress.

Stuart, who was in temporary command, realized the weakness of the See also:

French position in See also:Calabria, and on the 1st of See also:July 18o6 swiftly disembarked all his available forces in the gulf of S. Euphemia. On the 4th the British, 4800 strong, won the celebrated victory of See also:Maida over Reynier's detachment. Nothing, however, was done to follow up this success, as Stuart was too weak to shake Massena's foothold in Naples. After besieging and taking the See also:castle of Scylla, the little force returned to See also:Messina. Besides the dignity of count of Maida from the court of See also:Palermo, Stuart received the thanks of See also:parliament and an See also:annuity of £1o0o, as well as the K.C.B. Superseded by two other generals, See also:Fox and See also:Moore, the latter of whom was his junior, Stuart came See also:home in 18o6. A year later, however, as a lieutenant-general, he received the Mediterranean command, which he held until 18ro. His operations were confined to See also:south Italy, where See also:Murat, king of Naples, held the mainland, and the British and Neapolitan troops held See also:Sicily for the See also:Bourbon king. Of the events of this See also:time may be mentioned the failure to relieve Colonel See also:Hudson See also:Lowe at See also:Capri, the expedition against Murat's gunboats in the See also:bay of Naples and the second siege of Scylla. The various attempts made by Murat to See also:cross the straits uniformly failed, though on one occasion the French actually obtained a footing in the See also:island. In r8ro Stuart returned to See also:England.

He died at See also:

Clifton in 1815. Two months previously he had received the G.C.B.

End of Article: STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

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